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AnthroLectExam1
N/A
28
Anthropology
Undergraduate 3
02/04/2011

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
True or False, JFK increased teachings of math and science in the secondary education system in the 1960's.
Definition
True
Term
What did educated men of Europe believe before evolution issues were understood?
Definition
Geological and biolgoical world was static
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition

On the Origin of Species

Does NOT use the word Evolution in the first few editions

used "Decent with Modification" and "change"

Also wrote Descent of Man in 1864 to incorporate how this change affects mankind

Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Definition
One of the first scientists to dissect the human body during a time where the church outlawed it
Term
Copernicus
Definition

Polish Cleric

Debated the location of the sun (Geocentric versus Heliocentric)

Term
Galileo
Definition

Proved Heliocentric universe.

Placed under house arrest by the Pope

Later, Newton and Kepler forced the issue and supported a heliocentric universe

Term
Carolus Linnaeus
Definition

Sweedish Botinast who developed classification system used for naming species, by genus and species

(Borrowed from John Ray)

Creationist who believed in "fixity of species"

Term
Blumenbach
Definition
Concept to race to support position of mongenism, one creation of humankind
Term
Georges Leclerc (Count Buffon)
Definition
Gradual changes in nature
Term
Jean Lemarck
Definition

Biological change occured by acquired characteristics

Law of use and disuse

Term
Georges Cuvier
Definition

Believer in fixity of species

Developed and suggested nature may be changed by catastrophic events (catastrophism)

 

Term
Charles Lyell
Definition

British geologist and friend/mentor of Darwin

Developed geological theory of uniformitarianism

which is slow gradual change over time

Term
Thomas Malthus
Definition

Clergyman and economist

Wrote on principle of population growth

Soruce for concept of Natural Selection

Term
Alfred Wallace
Definition

Nearly scooped Darwin on theory of evolution and natural selection

Wrote a joint paper in 1858

Wallace was a younger naturalist and collected specimients from the Malayan Archipelago in 1854

Developed idea separately from Darwin

Term
Thomas Huxley
Definition

Scientist and friedn fo Darwin

Wrote a book to adress the issue of human evolution and suggested humans were closely related to Pan and gorillas

He dealt with mans' place in nature as an animal

Term
Captain Fitzroy
Definition
Captain of the HMS Beagle
Term
Galapagos Islands
Definition

Where Darwin did a bunch of research

This helped him establish his foundation of Natural selection

Major points include:

all species are capable of producing offspring faster than food can increase (an idea borrowed from Malthus)

All living things show variation among individuals

Those more fit will survive and reproduce due to competition over resources

Those that will survive will produce offspring with favorable traits

Over time, variations will increase in population

Traits are inherited

Geographical isolation can lead to new species forming

Favorable traits are determined by environment

Suvrival of the Fittest is NOT A DARWINIAN TERM!

Focused more on biologyu and reproductive health

Term
Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex
Definition

Darwin's second book

Descent with Modification was brought forth in this book

Believes there are 2 mechanisms that lead to change

sexual selection and natural selection

Term
Herbert Spencer
Definition

Principles of Biology

Coined evolution to mean organic change

a process by which organic progress to a more perfect being (WASP)

Term
Bipedial
Definition
On two feet
Term
Species
Definition

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Members of one species are reproductively isolated from members of all other societies (i.e. they cannot mate with them to produce fertile offspring)

Term
Anthropology
Definition

The field of inquiry that studies human culture and evolutionary aspects of human biology

Includes cultural anthropology, archaeology, lingusitics, and physical, or biological anthropology

Term
Primates
Definition
Members of teh order of mammals primates, which include lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans
Term
Hominims
Definition
Colloquial term for members of the evolutionary group that includes modern humans and now extinct bipedal relatives
Term
Evolution
Definition
A change in the genetic structure of a population.  The term is also frequently used to refer to the apperance of a new species
Term
Adaptation
Definition
An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral response of organisms or populations to the environment
Term
Culture
Definition

Behavioral aspects of human adaptation, including technology, traditions, language, religion, marriage patterns, and social roles.

These are learned behaviors and nonbiological

Term
Worldview
Definition
General cultural orientation or perspective shared by members of a society
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