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Anthro Test 1
N/A
62
Anthropology
Undergraduate 2
02/27/2010

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Evolution
Definition
Descent with modification
Term
Genotype
Definition
Individuals genetic code
Term
Phenotype
Definition
Observable characteristics
Term
Trait
Definition
Feature of phenotype (hair color, height, testosterone levels)
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
Traits become more/less frequent over generations
Term
3 Necessary and Siffucient conditions for Nat. Sele.
Definition
Variation in a trait
Genetic inheritance of a trait
Different reproductive success
Term
Adaptation
Definition
Trait that has modified over time
Term
Stabilizing Selection
Definition
Extreme values (tall/short) less reproductive sucess than average
Term
Directional Selection
Definition
One extreme has better Reproductive success
Term
Disruptive Selection
Definition
Average value of trait is selected against (extremes do well)
Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
Random change in allele frequencies in population
Term
Mutation
Definition
Error in DNA replication at protein synthesis
Term
Gene Flow
Definition
Allele exchange between populations
Term
4 Forces of evolution
Definition
Genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, natural seletcion
Term
Mendels Thing
Definition
Genes found on different chromosomes sorted into sex cells independently of one another
Term
Meiosis
Definition
Sex cell division (gametes)
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Somatic cell division (cell divides into 2 daughter cells)
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Condensed DNA and proteins
Term
Allele
Definition
Alternate versions of a gene
Term
Dominant Allele
Definition
Allele expressed when present on only one pair of homologus chromosomes
Term
Recessive Allele
Definition
Allele expressed when 2 copies (homozygous) chromosmes
Term
Recombination
Definition
Rearrangement of genes on homologous chromosomes during crossing over
Term
Co-Dominant
Definition
two different Alleles expressed (heterozygous ind.)
Term
Pleiatropy
Definition
One gene-multiple phenotypes
Term
Polygenic Trait
Definition
2 genes- one phenotype
Term
Monogenic Trait
Definition
1 gene-multiple phenotypes
Term
Phylogeny
Definition
Evolutionary tree indicating relatedness and divergence of taxanomic groups
Term
Perapatric speciation
Definition
Occurring when 2 populations have continuous distributions of some phenotypes more favorable than others
Term
Allopatric Speciation
Definition
Geographic isolation
Term
Symatyic Speciation
Definition
Occurring in the same geographic location
Term
Bio species concept
Definition
interbreeding populations isolated from others
Term
Ecological species concept
Definition
species based on uniqueness of ecological niche
Term
Evolutionary Species Concept
Definition
species on evolutionary lineages with unique identity
Term
Homologous
Definition
Members of same pair of chromosomes
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Same allele at loci for gene on both members of homologous chromosomes
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
2 different alleles at loci for gene on homologous pair
Term
Morphology
Definition
Shape of organism's bones
Term
Positional repertoire
Definition
how organisms move and hold body while resting
Term
Fused mandible
Definition
suture visible
Term
Tooth comb
Definition
strepsirhines (incisors and canines)
Term
Premolars
Definition
Primates = 3 Humans = 2
Term
Bilaphodont Molars
Definition
2 cusps for chewing fibrous vegetation
Term
Strepsirhine
Definition
Prosimians (excludes torsiers)
Term
Haplarhine
Definition
Includes Anthropoids and tarsiers
Term
Prosimian
Definition
Lemurs, lorises, galagos, torsiers
Term
Anthropoids
Definition
Monkeys, apes, hominids
Term
Platyrrhini
Definition
New World Monkeys
Term
Catarrhini
Definition
Old world monkeys, apes, hominids
Term
Bischiation
Definition
Swimg Arm
Term
Point Sampling
Definition
Sampling every (interval) only recording then
Term
All-Occurance
Definition
Recording everything without preset interval acticity budget. Time added up for each actiity divided by total time
Term
Ethogram
Definition
List of behaviors of particular species
Term
Focel individual
Definition
Subject of scientist's observation
Term
Activity budget
Definition
relative frequences or actual divied by time spent performing specific tasks
Term
Hominin
Definition
Primate, bi-ped, evolve into larger brain
Term
Polygyny
Definition
At least one male, multiple females
Term
Polyondrix
Definition
One female, mutliple males
Term
Monogamy
Definition
A mating band
Term
Female philopetry
Definition
females remain in the group of birth and males emigrate
Term
Male Philopatry
Definition
males remain in breed group and females emigrate
Term
Fission-Fusion
Definition
chimps, banobos, other temporary form subgroups, no cohesive group
Term
Home range
Definition
special area of primate group
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