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| The process of sending and receiving meaningful messages |
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| a form of communication that is based on a systematic set of learned symbols and signs shared among a group and passed on from generation to generation. |
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| a feature of human language whereby people are able to communicate a potentially infinite number of messages efficiently. |
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| a form of oral communication among nonhuman primates with a set repertoire of meaningful sounds generated in response to environmental factors |
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| a feature of human language whereby people are able to talk about events in the past and fuute. |
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| a sound that makes a difference for meaning in a spoken language. |
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| the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in particular cultural contexts. |
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| a form of communication that uses mainly hand movements to convey messages. |
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| critical media anthropology |
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| an approach within the cross-cultural study of media that examines how power interests shape people's access to media and influence the contents of its messages |
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| social inequality in access to new emerging information technology. notably access to up to date computers, the internet, and training related to their use. |
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| a perspective in linguistic anthropology which says that language determines thought. |
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| a perspective in linguistic anthropology which says that culture, society, and a person's social position determine language. |
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| culturally patterned verbal language including varieties of speech, participation, and meaning. |
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| critical discourse analysis |
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| an approach within linguistic anthropology that examines how power and social inequality are reflected and reproduced in communication. |
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| a question placed at the end of a sentence seeking affirmation. |
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| the study of language change using formal methods that compare shifts over time and across space in aspects of language, such as phonetics, syntax, and semantics. |
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| a group of languages descended from a parent language. |
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| a symbol that conveys meaning through a form or picture resembling that to which it refers |
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| cords of knotted strings used during the Inca empire for keeping accounts and recording events. |
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| a contact language that blends elements of at least two languages and that emerges when people with different languages need to communicate. |
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| a language directly descended from a pidgin but possessing its own native speakers and involving linguistic expansion and elaboration. |
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| a language spoken widely throughout the world and in diverse cultural contexts, often replacing indigenous languages. |
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| an emerging variant of written English and other languages associated with cell phone communication and involving abbreviations and creative slang. |
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| beliefs and behavior related to supernatural beings and forces |
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| the attempt to compel supernatural forces and beings to act in certain ways. |
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| a narrative with a plot that involves the supernaturalS |
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| direct and formalized statements about religious beliefs |
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| a belief system in which the supernatural is conceived of as an impersonal power. |
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| patterned behavior that has to do with the supernatural |
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| a ritual that marks a change in status from one life stage to another. |
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| round-trip travel to a sacred place or places for purposes of religious devotion or ritual. |
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| a ritual in which normal social roles and order are temporarily reversed. |
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| a ritual in which something is offered to the supernaturals |
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| a male or female full-time religious specialist whose position is based mainly on abilities gained through formal training |
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| a term coined in the nineteenth century to refer to a religion that is based on written sources, has many followers, is regionally widespread, and is concerned with salvation. |
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| the condition in which one or more religions coexist either as complementary to each other or as competing systems. |
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| the blending of features of two or more religions. |
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| a form of revitalization movement that emerged in Melanesia in response to Western and Japanese influences. |
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