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| 1. In "Patterns of Culture," Ruth Benedict states, "[Different cultures] are traveling along different roads in pursuit of different ends and these means in one society cannot be judged in terms of those of another society, because essentially they are in |
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Definition
* benedict- Cultural relativism
* “good enough anthropology”
* Question our assumptions.
* Malanowski- “grasp the native’s point of view, his relation to life, to realize his vision of his world.”
* linear vs. non-linear
* sapir Whorf hypothesis
* Linguistic relativity
* overcome ethnocentrism
* ethnographic present
* Hijras, fafauini
* Mead and bateson
* Zuni vs. plains
* virginity of the taupo
* applying judgement to this brings the ethnographer no closer to understanding
* Carnival in Spain.
* Salamanders
* Moral judgments are footnotes in an ethnography. |
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Term
| 2. Using the scholarship presented in this course, explain how anthropologists distinguish gender from sex. With as much specificity as possible, analyze how understandings of gender, in India, Japan, and Samoa, are constructed so as to allow for or limit |
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Definition
* sex- physiological and biological
* gender- socially constructed, gender identity/roles:
* japan- Commodification, essentialized, Sociocentric- identity comes from society, mizu shobai (“water business”) Sarariiman, sexual objects, egos massaged, but they too are being covertly controlled by their employer so that they will suppress their grievances and continue working.
* India- hijras
* samoa- Fa’afafine, Egocentric- identity comes from within., no female equivalent
* berk- no socially-sanctioned place for a third-gender. until we have: religious sanction, traditions in ritual, realization- true nature |
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Term
| 3. Select a single religious or secular ritual that you have read about for this class, viewed on screen in Anthropology 3, or observed through your own experience. Describe the basics of your chosen ritual. Then, using concrete ethnographic detail, analy |
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Definition
*1. Standardized, predictable behavior
*2. Framed behavior (there is a beginning and an end)
*3. Marks a passage of time
*4. Sacred, set apart from everyday life
*5. Public, performative
*6. Reinforces social roles
*7. Overturns normal role
*8. Symbolism, metaphoric
*9. Marks state of transition |
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Term
| 4. How do anthropologists explain change, be it cultural, social, or personal? Identify three main causes of change that you have read or otherwise learned about in this course (select a different source-book, article, lecture, film, or whatever-for each |
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Definition
*Change is to deconstruct or rebuild a social structure. Change can alter or create social roles. 3 main causes of change are economic, geographic, and historic.
* Economic- globalization (day of the dead)
* Geographic- immigration culture clash Vietnamese, dogs, adultery murder
* Historic change- trobrand cricket, syncretism, Portugal priests
* Personal change- change at age 40
* cultural diffusionism: (Robert Redfield,)
* Structural-functionalism: (Malinowski , Levi-Strauss)
* Evolutionary explanation: (Robert Bella) religion less group-oriented, more individualistic |
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Term
| 5. In the Introduction to Argonauts of the Western Pacific, Bronislaw Malinowski writes, "Perhaps through realizing human nature in a shape very distant and foreign to us, we shall have shed some light on our own." Drawing upon what you have learned from |
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Definition
* Dorthy lee- codifications of lineality and nonlineality
* Overcome ethnocentrism.
* sapir Whorf hypothesis. Claude Levi Strauss. Gru.
* Mead vs freeman
* day of the dead- people view Mexicans as morbid. stereotyping/essentializing
* Portraits of the white man
* Eating Christmas in the Kalahari
* “anthropology is in the service of making the strange familiar, and the familiar strange
* we come to understand ourselves by comparison with other unfamiliar societies. |
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Term
| 6. Drawing on ethnographic material presented in course readings, lectures, and/or film, explain the political significance of burials and mortuary rituals. Cite specific case studies to support your analysis. |
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Definition
* Politics- “concerted activity among social actors, often involving stakes in particular goals” “Realm of continual struggle for meanings of signification.”
* Promises in Portugal Senhora Aparecida film, vertical, horizontal
* Guatemalan vs. Walnut Creek. Power relations.
* Day of the dead- Mexican identity, inferiority, cultural imperialism, Oakland
* Communist- Stalin, Lenin, monarch- reburied tsar, curriculum vitae
* Lazar Serbian bones
* Katherine Verdery - the political lives of dead bodies |
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Term
| 7. Providing concrete ethnographic detail, describe at least three different types or genres of humor that you have learned about in this course. Be sure to cite your sources (books, articles, lectures and/or film). Conclude by analyzing diverse ways in w |
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Definition
* Portraits of the Whiteman
* Nightwork
* Eating Christmas in the Kalahari
* Skulls- Mock epitaphs of people in power
* Brad’s Carnival |
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