Term
| Early Archaics (Homo heidelbergensis) |
|
Definition
| 400,000-125,000 y.a. (appearance of Neandertals): 1100-1400 c.c., less robust than H. ergaster, but more robust than modern humans, heavy brow ridges: Reduction in robusticity compared to H. ergaster, on average taller than most modern humans : Continuation of Acheulean Tradition with refinement; developed Levalloisian Technique; Developed hafting; Hunted large game animals: Germany, France, Spain, parts of Asia and Africa. |
|
|
Term
| Late Archaics (Homo neandertalensis) |
|
Definition
| 125,000-30,000 y.a. : Average of 1400 c.c.; long and low braincase; prognathic lower face; worn front teeth; large noses; Occipital bun; heavy brow ridges; NO CHIN : Relative to body mass, limbs are short and stocky; large muscle attachments; dense leg bones; strong individuals adapted to harsh climate : Evidence of caring for the old and disabled; intentional burial of dead; possible ceremonial items; use of Ochre; Mousterian Tool Tradition; possible artistic expression (symbolic activity); speech? : Numerous locations throughout Europe and SW Asia |
|
|
Term
| modern Homo sapiens (in general) |
|
Definition
| Evolved in Africa ~200,000 : 1350 c.c. average cranial capacity; high forehead; small/flat faces; reduction in size of teeth and mandible; reduced P.O.C.; presence of a CHIN; reduced brow ridges : Less robust than archaic Homo; less sexual dimorphism than predecessor; regionally variable in body and limb proportions : Upper Paleolithic tool tradition; use of many different material types (bone, antler, ivory, wood, shell, etc); increased use of compound tools such as spear throwers; developed pressure flaking technology; development of language; importance of art and symbolism : Global: Evolved in East Africa around 200,000 y.a., then dispersed out from there. Reached Australia by 50-60 kyr, Central Asia 40 kyr, Europe 35-40 kyr, Finally North and South America |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. sapiens : Omo-Kibish |
|
Definition
| 196,000 : Cranial features are present : Post cranial anatomy is present : Two individuals; oldest known modern humans : Ethiopia |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. Sapiens : Herto |
|
Definition
| 160-154,000 : Cranial features = present : Post cranial Anatomy = little recovered : Second oldest moderns in Africa : Ethiopia |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. Sapiens : Klasies River Mouth |
|
Definition
| 120,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Earliest modern H. sapiens in South Africa : South Africa |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. Sapiens : Skhul V |
|
Definition
| 115,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Earliest evidence of modern H. sapiens outside of Africa : Israel |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. Sapiens : Ordos |
|
Definition
| 50,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Perhaps earliest evidence of H Sapiens in Asia : Mongolia, China |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. Sapiens : Kow Swamp |
|
Definition
| 14,000-9,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Very robust individuals (retains erectus-like characteristics : Australia |
|
|
Term
| Modern H. Sapiens : Lake Mungo |
|
Definition
| 60,000-30,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Earliest Australians : Australia |
|
|
