Term
| ancient social organization |
|
Definition
-bands
-tribes
-chiefdoms
-states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a large scale society with strongly centralized government and social stratification
-civilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the urban revolution
-craft specialization (metallurgy)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-large urban centers
-surplus production and storage
-taxes (surplus)
-monumental architecture
-ruling class
-recording systems (writing)
-practical science
-trade
-sophisticated and monumental art
-specialists (craft makers) |
|
|
Term
| what did states developed |
|
Definition
-Gordon Childe (craft specialist)
-ecological models (Karl Wittfogel and the Hydraulic Theory)
-trade
-warfare (Robert Carneiro and Circumscription theory)
-systems theory
-human agency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-population increase
-lack of space (circumscription)
-warfare |
|
|
Term
| the collapse of civilization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesopotamia and eastern Mediterranean |
|
Definition
-sumerians
-akkadians
-hittites
-minoans
-mycenaeans
-phoenicians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-predynastic
-dynastic
-nubia/kush
-meroe
-askumites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Olmecs
-Maya
-Zapotecs
-Teotihuacan
-Toltecs
-Aztecs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Chavin
-Moche
-Tiwanaku
-Wari
-Sican
-Chimu
-Inca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-precious materials
-tools
-trades
-craft production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-6000-4000 BC
-Chalcolithic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-big group of people
-late neolithic people
-farmers
-no evidence they lived in big cities
-known for their pot; red, orange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-another group of people
-made sophisticated things:symmetrical homes,
-located southern part of masopotamian
-particular pottery: alien like, long heads and dots on their shoulders)
-eventually replaced the Halaf people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a mount of dirt surrounded by flat plane.
-mound appeared bc they used mudbricks to build their houses on the flat ground.
built it on top of each other
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-type of tell
-alter and offering tables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4000-3100 BC
-cities
-expansions
-early writing
-replaced 'Ubais
-spread culture by trading
-moved up North
-named after the site
-charcolithic
-Syria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-EANNA PRECINCT (TEMPLE OF INANNA)
-very different
-palaces for important people
-1000s people lived at the same time
-the first site
-massive building
-complex and advanced architectures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-WARKA MASK (maybe Inanna's)
-white temple (massive building)
-warka vase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dedicated to the God Inanna
-writing record or methodology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-design of people caring things to a man, where behind the man there were all the valuable stuff brought to him.
-stolen from museum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Syria
-Agatha M wife of Max archaeologist
-"eye palace" a temple: found small figurines with eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Iraq
-Syria
-and some part of Turkey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Greece
-Western Turkey
-called secondary state bc they developed later |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4500-3500 BC
-Chalco means copper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3500-2200 BC
-bronze monument
-bronze is alloy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Syria
-massive WALLS around the site like a grid pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3100-2334 BC
-Early bronze age
-aka DYNASTY
-city state
-first abandoned writing record (hence why we know exact end date)
-Ur Site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-summerian civilization
-proper city
-pyramid like called ZIGGURAT; very religious building.
-ROYAL CEMETERY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Ur site
-2600-2000 BC
-where important people were buried with slaves to accompany them. Also buried with golds and other precious things
-excavated by Lenard (British) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-specialists
-precious objects
-market economy (standarized)
-building materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cuneiform (writings with meanings)
-used Pictographic sign in 3100 BC, where it was interpreted and then started Cuneiform signs around 2400 BC
-they mostly wrote about trade and economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-secondary state
-found a LIBRARY
-near Mediterranean sea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2334-2154 BC
-conquered Sumerians
-King Sargon and Naram-Sin (grandson) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-son of King Sargon (Akkadian Empire)
-built a big stela (stone monument that shows he's God)
-soldiers hit Ebla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2000-1650 BC
-took over Akkadian empire
-famous king called Hammurabi
-code of Hammurabi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-is the Stela of Hammurabi
-first legal law writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Eastern Mediterranean
-1900-1400 BC
-middle/late bronze age
-most famous site KNOSSOS
-LINEAR A
-based on Island Crete
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-famous site of MINOANS
-named after the king that lived there
-Minotaur (half man half bull) FRESCOES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a painting done rapidly in watercolor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Minoans writing that hasnt been figured out yet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Minoans
-different Island than Crete
-interesting facts: frescoes with a lot of boats and trade.
-also under Knossos rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1600-1200 BC
-middle/late bronze age
-lived on main land of Greece
-MALITARIANISTIC (invade places)
-invaded TROY
-Mycebae site
-traded items
-ULUBURN SHIPWRECK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-big stone palaces
-good at making potteries
-"Death Mask" of king Agamemnon (Gold) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1300 bc
-20 tons of cargo:
weapons
ostrish eggs
textile
gems
glass
food
and a lot more |
|
|
Term
| End of bronze age destruction |
|
Definition
-change of environment?
-sea people (1200 BC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-we dont know where they came from but they used boats.
-evidence that they were different: how the Egypt people described them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1000-800 BC
-Iron age
-seafarers/merchants
-cedar, wine, olive oil, murex
-had ALPHABETS
-tied the whole MEDITERRANEAN SEA and as far as Atlantic ocean
-had technology to travel far
-conquered by Assyrian empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-based on Nile river
-2 parts Nile part (upper) and Delta part (lower)
-predynastic
-early dynastic
-old kingdom |
|
|
Term
| Assyrians and Neo-Babylonians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
around 3500 BC
-3 'proto-kingdoms' in upper Egypt
-pots and jars with feets
-Coptos Colossi
-Hierakonpolis Tomb (100 & 23)
-Abydos Tomb U-j
-Tell el-Farkha
-Narmer Palette (Hierakonpolis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-This (Abydos)
-Naqada
-Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-3 statues
-3300 BC
-4 meters tall (13-14 ft) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3500 BC
-5 meters long (16-17ft)
-made out of stone
-person buried with all king of important things
-The walls were painted: key picture--> a guy that's twice as big as the others, holding something in their hand…attribute of later pharaohs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-massive burial
-pre-dynastic pots (black and red)
-and many other things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3300 BC
-10 meters long (30ft)
-150 tags
-700 bottles (wine?)
-a symbol of SCORPION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Hierakonpolis
-Mase head (a stone weapon to bash someone on the head) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3600-3000 BC
-Delta
-found a gold figurine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aka Great Hierakonpolis
-a finely decorated plate with different type of crowns: Hedjet (upper crown), Deshret (lower crown) and Pschent (double crown). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1-2 dynasties
3050-2695 BC
-King Djet
-Shunet Ez-Zebib
-a hawk is a symbol of every dynasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st danasty
2900 BC
-Abydos
-his symbol is a Snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2nd dynasty
2700 BC
funeral palace
120 meters long
mudbricks
Abydos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3-8 dynasties
2695-2160 BC
-step pyramid of Djoser
-Giza |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2670 BC
-made of stone, so will last
-complex; 550 meter long
-Saqqara |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2600 BC
-king Sneferu
-meidum -collapsed
-bent pyramid- collapsed
-red pyramid- first class pyramid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2500 BC
-King Khufu was buried with BOATS & wealth
-Khufu aka the Great pyramid (largest)
-Khafre (little smaller)
-Menkaure (a little more smaller) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2040-1640 BC
-shift of power to THEBES and then back to DELTA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2nd intermediate period
-Delta invaded and controled by Asiatic people (Hyksos) from Asia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1530-1070 BC
-Pharaohs buried in the Valley of the Kings
-re-unification
-centered on Thebes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reign 1353-1336 (ish) BC
- Worshiped Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Aten
-Akhenaten was married to Nefertiti
-Worshiped the Sun God Aten
-Akhenaten has female figure…maybe that's how he looked, or he was so concerned about separating himself so he made himself look different. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1333-1323 BC)- king Tut
-Very young
-Buried with a lot of stuff- which didn’t get stolen
-Not important |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reign 1279- 1213 BC
-Extended power of Egypt South and North
-Reigned for 60 years!!
-Builed massive monuments for himself
-Abu Simbel Defended Egypt against the Sea People |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Writing system
-Cartouche- an oval that has the name of a pharaohs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Had 3 different languages on it
- Discovered by Napoleaon group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Preserved body when somebody died
-Took the organs and put it on the side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the land of Kush (3000-633 BC)
-Kerma site- mound of dirt that served same as Egyptian pyramids |
|
|
