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| The study of human beings. |
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| Four fields of American anthropology: |
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| cultural, archaeological, linguistics, physical |
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| The beliefs and practices of a particular group. |
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| unconscious. We don't think about it, we live it. |
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| Culture can also be described as "what everyone..." |
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| what everyone like us necessarily knows. |
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| expanding worldwide flows of material objects and symbols. |
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| people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language - your language determines what choice of categories, descriptions you have available to express your perceptions. |
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| Shared ideas about what is "good". |
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| Judging another culture by the standards of one's own. |
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| Evaluating a culture by its own standards. |
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| Concerned with social/cultural aspects of health, disease, and illness. |
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| Three approaches in medial anthropology: |
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Definition
| ecological, interpretive, critial |
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| Ecological medical anthropology: |
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Definition
| Concerned with human adaptation to environments for survival; data-driven, acultural. |
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| Interpretive medial anthropology: |
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| Looks for the 'deeper meaning' and significance a person gives to an illness experience. |
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| Critical medical anthropology: |
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| Concerned with the 'why' of medical issues, including political/economical situation, the 'bigger picture'. |
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| The process by which previously non-medical experiences and more of everyday life has come under the supervision of medicine. |
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| Dark side of medicalization: |
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Definition
- depoliticises behaviour
- gives 'experts' too much power
- dislocates responsibility; it's not the person's fault, it's a medical condition.
- no place for discussion of values and ethics |
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Definition
| Treating something abstract as if existed as a real, tangible thing. |
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| Why has medicalization increased? |
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Definition
- limited influence of religion; bad behavior must now be given medical labels.
- health is considered the center of a moral life.
- faith in science, rationality |
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| 'The Spirit Catches You' has become... |
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Definition
| the canonical text for cultural competence |
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Term
| 'Cultural competence' might not be as important as... |
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Definition
| understanding the basic concept of the 'other'. |
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| Substance that affects one or more bodily functions. |
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| Compulsive use, habit, sometimes in absence of physical dependence. |
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Definition
| More influences the therapeutic effects of drugs than just the drug's pharmaceutical properties. |
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| What influences the 'total drug effect'? |
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Definition
- appearance of the medicine
- patient's culture, education
- doctor's appearance, professional status
- reactions of others to same drug |
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| Healing culture of the U.S.: |
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Definition
| Drug intensive; people like to turn to pills to solve health problems. |
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| Drugs and medicine in the 1950s and 1960s: |
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Definition
- no stigma
- it's medicine
- great optimism about modern science |
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| When a person first tries an anti-depressant: |
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Definition
| 40% won't respond to first medication, and must try another. |
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Term
| 'The concept of normal is... |
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Definition
| A variation on the concept of good. It is that which society has approved.' |
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Definition
| Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
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| A pathological condition of the body or mind. |
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| Physiological distress is felt through psychological symptoms |
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| Physiological distress is felt through physical symptoms. |
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| an 'American disease' caused by distress of fast-paced life. Exhaustion of nervous system. Now supplanted by depressive/anxiety disorders. |
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Definition
| Changes in brain architecture due to a person's experiences. |
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| Stressful environments lead to a reduction... |
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Definition
| in neurological growth. (Gould) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stress hormone. Long-term production is harmful to the brain. |
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| Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the movement of: |
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| Approach to diagnoses in traditional Chinese medicine: |
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| Every patient is unique and will be given a unique diagnosis. |
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| System of beliefs and practices directed towards the ultimate concerns of a group. |
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| What good does religion do? |
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Definition
- provides connection with the sacred
- helps create/maintain social cohesion
- maintains central values of a culture
- controls anxiety about life experience |
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Definition
- condense information
- transmit knowledge
- inspire morality
- transmit emotion |
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| An activity with a high degree of formality with no utilitarian purpose. |
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Term
| Gennep's Rites de Passage (1909): |
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Definition
1.) preliminary (separation)
2.) liminaire (between, ambiguity, transitional period)
3.) postliminaire (new status for the individual, incorporation into a new section of society) |
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Term
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Definition
- healer has a specific worldview and an explanation of the patient's problem
- patient understands her problem through healer's worldview
- patient adopts healer's worldview, becomes attached to healer's symbols |
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| For placebos and ritual to work,... |
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Definition
| the patient must believe. |
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Definition
- priests/priestesses are mediators between the human and the divine
- healers use medicinal herbs
- medicine is holistic; treats both physical and spiritual ailments. |
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