Term
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Definition
| Marriage within a group of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage outside of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross cousins are the children of one's parents' siblings of the opposite sex (mother's brother or father's sister) |
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Term
| What are parallel cousins? |
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Definition
| Are the children of the parents' same sex siblings (mother's sister or father's brother) |
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Term
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Definition
| A man marries the widow of his dead brother. occurs only in groups that attest to the importance of groups rather than union between individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A custom when a married woman dies, her kin group supplies a sister wife for the widower. occurs only in groups that attest to the importance of groups rather than union between individuals. |
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Term
| In what type of subsistence culture do you most often find polygyny? |
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Definition
horticultural societies
also found in pastoralists, herders who require wives for much the same reason. |
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Term
| What benefits does polygyny offer? |
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Definition
| - Increases man's wealth/social position in societies where economic importance importance of women is high. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Several husbands to a wife |
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Term
| What is the benefit to polyandry? |
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Definition
Division of labour required for a serf-based economy.
Adaption to the shortage of females or shortage of land. |
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Term
| What are the different types of exchanges of rights and goods at marriage? |
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Definition
Bride-price
Bride service
Dowry |
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Term
| How do the masai measure the richness of their men? |
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Definition
the size of his village.
This is reflected not only in the size of his herd but the number of the female dependents. |
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Term
| Can we consider the masai to be a prosperous society? |
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Definition
| They have an abundance of natural resources |
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Term
| What do men need women for according to the local people? |
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Definition
| milk cows, build houses, household chores |
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Term
| What do women need men for? |
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Definition
| Women can never have rights of ownership over any animals. They need to attach themselves to someone with a herd. |
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Term
| what rights of ownership do the masai women have? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age are the Masai men considered elders? |
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Definition
| At about 30 years old. They then become able to live in the elder village. |
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Term
| What do men do before they become elders in the masai village? |
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Definition
| they serve a period as warriors. |
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Term
| What do the women of the masai do when they are teenagers? |
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Definition
| they serve as warriors with the men of the same age. |
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Term
| The Nayer people's marriages occur in how many stages? |
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Definition
| Two stages but technically three staged if you include her pre-puberty ceremony that bonds to another boy at the time. |
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Term
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Definition
| a married or common-law couple with or without children, or a lone parent with dependent children |
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Term
| What is the nuclear family |
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Definition
organized around conjugal ties
(husband, wife, children) |
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Term
| Extended family is based on what type of ties? |
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Definition
| consanguineal relations extended over three or more generations. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the family |
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Definition
Nurturance of children
economic cooperation
provide children with models from whom they can learn gender appropriate roles
social support/structures
protection for children |
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Term
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Definition
Newly married couple that establishes an independent household.
5% of societies utilize this method. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a woman, after marrying a man, moves to live in his household. |
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Term
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Definition
| An aggregate of nuclear families linked by a common spouse, most often a husband. |
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Term
| In a patrilineal extended family, what would the tree be organized around? |
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Definition
| Organized around a man, his sons, and the son's wives and childrens. |
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Term
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Definition
| A man lives in the household of his wife's family |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized around a woman, her daughters, her daughter's husbands and their children. |
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Term
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Definition
| a married couple is expected to live with the husbands mother's brother (trobriand) |
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Term
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Definition
| the couple may choose to live with the husband's or wife's family. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the same generation, cross-generational reslationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| ambilineality is a system containing both unilineal descent groups, namely patrilineal and matrilineal, in which one belongs to ones fathers and/or mother's descent group or lineage. |
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Term
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Definition
individual has an option of affiliating with either the mother's or father's descent group
individuals belong to more than one social group at once |
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Term
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Definition
| couple moves next to/with the husband's mother's brother. |
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Term
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Definition
made up of consanguineal kin who can trace their genealogical links to a common ancestor.
Typically found in the same community. |
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Term
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Definition
Created when a large lineage group splits into new, smaller ones.
members claim descent through a common ancestor without knowing genealogical links to that ancestor.
clan identification is often reinforced with totems.
Typically spread out. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that supposedly share a common ancestry whether probable or not. |
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Term
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Definition
| In cultures where entire society is divided into two groups (moieties) |
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Term
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Definition
A small circle of paternal/maternal relatives
formed in cultures with bilateral descent
defined always in relationship with ego
kindred is never the same for any two persons except for siblings |
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Term
| The Eskimo System. In which descent groups would we find this? |
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Definition
Biological parents = mother and father
Brothers and sisters of parents = aunt and uncle
Biological siblings = brother and sister
Parents siblings children = cousins
ambilineal or bilateral descent groups |
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Term
| The Hawaiin system. In which descent groups would we find this? |
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Definition
mother and father = used for all in ego's ascending generation
brother and sister = used for all in ego's generation
**no terms for aunt/uncle or cousins
found ambilineally |
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Term
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Definition
Father = father's brother, but not mother's brother
Mother = mother's sister, but not fathers sister
uncle = only mother's brother
aunt = only father's sister
brother and sister = children of fathers brother or mother's sister (parallel cousins)
cousins = Cross cousins (father's sister, mother's brother's) |
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Term
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Definition
Terminology used in first ascending generation is same as in Iroquois.
father = bio + father's brother
mother = bio + mother's sister
aunt = father's sister
uncle = mother's brother
brother and sister = parallel cousins
mother's brother's daughters = mother
mother's brother's sons = mother's brother |
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Term
| what are the types of social stratification? |
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Definition
| age, gender, social class, caste (class) |
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Term
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Definition
life stages through which individuals go as they mature.
childhood, adolescence, adulthood, elders |
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Term
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Definition
Individuals who move together through a series of life stages comprise age sets.
example: Masai warriors. |
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Term
| What moves you from one age grade to the next one? |
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Definition
| Often the passage is ritually established through ceremony or a symbolic act of some sort. |
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Term
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Definition
a catagory of individuals of equal or near equal prestige according to the practiced system of classification.
ie lower, middle and upper class |
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Term
| How can social class be broken up? |
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Definition
| it can be broken up into achieved and ascribed status. |
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Term
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Definition
| social class in which membership is determined by birth and fixed for life. |
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Term
| what are class indicators? |
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Definition
verbal evaluation
patterns of association
symbolic indicators |
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Term
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Definition
| perceived differences in culture, national origin and historical experience by which groups of people are distinguished from other in the same social environment. |
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Term
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Definition
of south America
- patrilineal organized around lineages
- male is expected to do bride-service, giving game and food with his in-laws
- iroquois naming system |
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