Term
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Definition
6-3 million years ago
Earliest known hominin
Found in Ethiopia
Probably bipedal
Apelike size and anatomy |
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Term
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Definition
4.4 million years ago
Found in Ethiopia
Probably bipedal
Anterior foramen magnum |
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Term
| Australopithecus anamensis |
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Definition
4.2-3.9 million years ago
Found in Kenya
Probably bipedal
Similar tibia to humans |
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Term
| Australopithecus afarensis |
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Definition
3.8-3 million years ago
Found in Tanzania and Ethiopia
Skeletal evidence of bipedalism
Lucy was one |
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Term
| Australopithecus africanus |
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Definition
3-2 million years ago
Found in South Africa
Bipedal
Mixed apelike and humanlike teeth and features
Omnivorous diet with an emphasis on tough plant foods |
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Term
| Australopithecus robustus |
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Definition
2-1 million years ago
Found in South Africa
Bipedal
Mixed teeth
Omnivorous diet
Bigger body and brain than Australopitechus africanus |
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Term
|
Definition
2.6-1 million years ago
Found in East Africa
Mixed teeth
Huge molars similar to modern day gorillas
Low-quality vegetarian diet |
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Term
|
Definition
2.5 million years ago
Found in Ethiopia
First use of stone tools
Ate meat and bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
2-1.7 million years ago
Found in Tanzania
Larger brain and skull capacity
Less dependent on tough plant food
Precision grip and smaller hands
Short with long, apelike limbs |
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Term
|
Definition
1.8 million years ago
Found in Kenya
Larger brain and skull capacity than Homo habilis |
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Term
| Cranial Changes of Homo erectus |
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Definition
Larger brain
Smaller post-canine teeth
Thicker brow ridge
Smaller jaw
Slightly shorter face |
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Term
| Post-Cranial Changes of Homo erectus |
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Definition
Taller, larger body size
Shorter arms
Longer legs
Barrel-shaped chest and torso |
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Term
| Cranial Traits of Neandertals |
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Definition
Occipital bun
Projecting midface
Elongated skull
Prominent brow ridge
Large incisors
Brain size similar to AMHs |
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Term
| Post-cranial Traits of Neandertals |
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Definition
Very robust with strong builds
Large, barrel-shaped torsos and chests
Wide shoulders and long collar bones
Longer femurs in ratio to tibia/fibula |
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