Term
| Earliest Treaty in the World |
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Definition
| Egypt vs. Hittite for Levant. 169 b.c? |
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Definition
| Frozen kurgan tombs, ca 300 b.c., First example of rug, tattoos on body art. |
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Definition
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Definition
South.
Bronze Age.
Conservative. Same deity. 3thou years of same tradition. Irrigation = important. Steppe terraces. |
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Term
| Jean Francois Champollion |
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Definition
| Deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics with use of Rosetta Stone. Deomic, greek, hieroglyphics. |
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Term
| First Intermediate Period Egypt |
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Definition
2181-2173 b.c., conflicts.
Political fragmentation. |
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Term
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Definition
1700-1200 b.c.
1st use of Iron, 1500 b.c., habitual usage. |
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Term
| Boghazkoy (Hattusas): Anatolia |
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Definition
| Capital of Hittites, also had seals for trade. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cliff sculptures, image of Hittite supernatural gods. |
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Term
| Kas (Ulu Burun): Anatolia |
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Definition
Bronze age shipwreck, 1350 b.c.
Copper ingots, probably from Cyprus. |
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Term
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Definition
Iron Age people of the Steppes.
Nomadic pastoralists.
Good on horses. Unconquerable b/c nomadic.
First used felt. |
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Term
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Definition
Burial mounds: bury great chiefs.
Sacrifice 50 young men and horses.
Richest @ Lower Dneiper River. |
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Term
| Gerzean Period: Predynastic |
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Definition
3600-3200 b.c., (Nagada II). (Uruk period in Sumer).
Copper Stone Age.
Art has boats.
Hieroglyphic writing.
Gerzean knives- flint, pressure flaking. |
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Term
| Archaic Period (Early Dynastic) Egypt |
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Definition
3100-2686 b.c.
Began by unification of Egypt under Narmer (Menes), 3100 b.c.
Appearance of nomes.
Spread of writing.
Mud brick tombs at Abydos and Saqqara. |
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Term
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Definition
| Depicts first king of Egypt, wore red and white crown of Egypt. Marks beginning of unification. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2686-2181 b.c. 4 Dynasties at capital of Memphis @ Lower Egypt. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Step pyramid complex of Djoser, 2630 b.c., designed by Imhotep. |
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Term
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Definition
Time of Pyramids (ONLY).
Pyramids of Giza, Great Pyramid of Cheops: Biggest, had boat. 2600.
Mastaba tombs, carved scenes: burial platforms. |
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Term
| Mastaba Tombs: Old/Middle Kingdom |
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Definition
| For dignitaries of court, carved stelae, carved scenes. |
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Term
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Definition
1991-1786 b.c.
Shift from pyramid to mastaba.
Not as powerful as Old Kingdom.
Thebes of Upper Egypt become capital, center of worship of Sun God Amun
Shift from Lower Egypt |
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Term
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Definition
Worship of Aten, monotheism, sun god.
Founded site near Amarna, destroyed later.
Wanted to get rid of Thebes.
Father of Tutankhamun. |
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Term
| Valley of the Kings: New Kingdom |
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Definition
| Cemetery near Thebes. Where most kings were buried. |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct son of Ahkenaten (2 kings before). |
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Term
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Definition
| Female Ruler, wore men's beard. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ramses the Great, huge Egypt Expansion. |
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Term
| Dead buried _____ of Nile because ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Farming, spread of Bantu language, assoc. with spread of iron.
Nok Culture. |
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Term
| Nok Culture: Iron Age: W. Africa |
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Definition
600-200 b.c., Nok, Nigeria.
1st iron using culture in W. Africa. Agriculturalists.
Nok ceramic sculptures: heads, rare, unknown when made. Perhaps for gravestones. |
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Term
Sahel (savannah): W. Africa
"The shore of the Sahara"
Camels = ships of the sea. |
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Definition
Trans-Saharan camel caravans, to S., copper and salt, to N., gold.
Jenne-Jenno.
Kingdom of Ghana
Kingdom of Mali. |
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Term
| Jenne-Jenno: Sahel: W. Africa |
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Definition
250 b.c.-a.d. 1150 max size a.d. 800-900, important trading community. Niger, ancient site.
Markets.
Populated, very ruch. |
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Term
| Kingdom of Mali: Sahel: W. Africa |
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Definition
Tax muslim traders when going through.
King = Mansa Musa. Brought gold, destroyed economy. |
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Term
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Definition
1150-1450 a.d., Yoruba speakers.
Fine bronze and terracotta heads. Perhaps influenced by Igbo Ukwu. In shrines. Commemorate ancestors.
Oni, title of king. |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe: S. & E. Africa |
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Definition
Zimbabwe, stone structures 1300-1450 a.d.
Stone structures imitate Daga, earth. Constructions in stone.
Acropolis and temple, two areas of site, important for gold mining trade to east coast.
Long distance trade. |
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Term
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Definition
Jade celts (Nephrite).
Yellow River (Huang) in North, millet and other cereals (Beijing)
Blue River (Yangtze) in South, wet rice cultivation (Shanghai) |
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Term
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Definition
| Jade of ancient China. Wood texture,vs. Jadite, harder. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Emperor Wu Ding: Bronze Age China |
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Definition
1st known king. 4th ruler, though.
Chinese writing.
1266-1324. Into scapulamancy |
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Term
| Lady Hao: Bronze Age China |
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Definition
Wu Ding's consort.
Fought battles for him. |
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Term
| Xiao-tun: Bronze Age China |
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Definition
Center of Anyang, palace building.
600 people sacrificed. |
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Term
| Scapulimancy/Oracle Bones: Bronze Age China |
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Definition
| Divining. Way the crack forms. Major history on bones. Approved by the king. |
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Term
| Shang Bronzes: Bronze Age China |
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Definition
| Vessels for feasting in honor of the ancestors, from Neolithic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hunter-gatherer until 1000 b.c. |
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Term
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Definition
10000-300 b.c.
"Really early Japan."
Then, farming with rice. Jadite pendants found here, like China. |
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Term
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Definition
300 b.c.- 300 a.d.
Large bronze bells. "Dokatu."
Bronze-age-ish. |
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Term
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Definition
3-7th century a.d.
Haniwa: hollow ceramic tomb sculptures. Tomb guardians.
Also boats: metaphor for ship of the dead. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Thailand, 9000-7000 b.c.
Early evidence of human plant use, no clear domestication. |
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Term
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Definition
5000-2000 b.c.
Early rice farming community. |
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Term
| Ban Non Wat: Bronze Age S.E. Asia |
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Definition
Thailand. 1200-500 b.c.
Bronze age cemetery.
Emerging elites, chiefs.
Elaborately painted ceramic vessels for cemetary. Axe heads, shell jewelery... |
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Term
| Dong Son Culture: S.E. Asia |
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Definition
Vietnam, 400 b.c.
Into Indonesia.
Famous for cast bronze drums with elaborate scenes. |
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Term
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Definition
Late Neolithic.
Mehrgargh: 6000-3000 b.c.
-> trade to Afghanistan, cotton evidence.
-> Seals for trade.
-> Sickles, harvest.
-> Mud Brick houses. |
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Term
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Definition
Indus Valley.
Eclipsed Pre-Harappan.
2700-1700 b.c.
Half mil. sq. ft.
Copper tools common, bronze rarer.
Writing commonly on stone, possible early portrayals of Shiva.
Traits:
-> Homogeneous material culture
-> Specialized architecture, granaries, baths, etc.
-> Writing system (can't read it, though.)
-> Shared system of weights.
-> Extensive external trade.
-> Grid planned urban centers
-> Extensive and intensive communications system
Major sites:
-> Harappa
-> Moenjo-daro: larger, 5x. Major sewer system.
Perhaps priestly hierarchy. Unclear. |
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Term
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Definition
Lothal: major Harappan port -> Mesopotamia
Traded with Sumerian, Akkadians.
Flooding, major problem b/c burning of forest. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Black Islands." Men's house. |
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Term
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Definition
Lapita Pottery: marks the spread of proto-Polynesians into the Pacific.
Shell temper.
W. Polynesia: Tonga, Samoa.
Cheifdoms: status inherited.
Double hulled-canoes.
Tatooing from Tatau. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kamehamea... broke Tapu. Got Christianized. God images destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
Very isolated. Bird man of Orongo = competition.
Stone heads, but not really. Probably mark high chiefs. Burial chamber.
Rongorongo script, not deciphered. |
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Term
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Definition
Northeast Asia.
New World people have it. Smooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Southeast Asia. Shovel-shaped incisors. |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest, well-document people of New World.
Lances, big animals. Mega fauna, extinct. |
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Term
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Definition
Possibly pre-Clivos. Were people there before Clovis. Flooded 5thya.
NOT Clovis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assoc. with widespread appearance of farming, settled village life, and pottery in Mesoamerica. (equivalent to Old World Neolithic) |
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Term
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Definition
1200-400 b.c., 1st major Mesoamerican civilization.
1st widespread appearance of jadite.
San Lorenzo: importance of rulers.
La Venta: early pyramid and stelae.
Earliest writing. |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest writing.
Calendar. Monument. |
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Term
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Definition
Tikal: North Acropolis: huge pyramid
Palenque: Temple of Inscriptions
Copan: K'inich Yax Kuk Mo: Hieroglyphic stairway |
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Term
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Definition
Dual temple in center of Tenochtitlan, many kings built on top of it.
Heart of Mexico city. |
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Term
| Myth of Huitzilopochtli: Aztecs |
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Definition
Hummingbird of the Left. Cult god of Cultan-Mexica.
Mother becomes pregnant by dust, brothers of Huiz didn't like him, Huitz says he will protect her. She dies...
Temple falling down hearts... |
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Term
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Definition
Mummies, pre-ceramic... etc...
Had Terrace Agriculture.
Cotton textiles. |
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Term
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Definition
Massive constructions. U-shape structures.
0=, pointed towards irrigation.
No evidence of rules. |
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Term
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Definition
Multi structure, slain individuals painted.
Conquest of wars, no writing, no graves.
No evidence of rulers. |
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Term
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Definition
Spplit inheritance.
Capital at Cuzco- giant puma-shaped city.
Machu icchu. |
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