Term
| Saharo-Sudanese Neolithic: W. Africa |
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Definition
7000-4000 b.c.
Hunter-gatherer communities in sahara with pottery and grinding stones.
Fish hooks, ceramics, harpoons... |
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Term
| Saharan Pastoralist Period: W. Africa |
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Definition
4000-2500 b.c.
Domestic cattle, sheep, goats, period ends due to climactic decline, dessication.
Becoming drier, pastoralism impossible... rock art |
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Term
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Definition
7000 b.c., earliest reliable evidence of plant domestication.
Tichitt, 1200-1100 b.c., millet at site, developed in Africa.
Sculpture = women, metal = men. |
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Term
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Definition
Farming, spread of Bantu language.
Spread of iron.
Nok Culture. |
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Term
| Nok Culture: Iron Age: W. Africa |
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Definition
600-200 b.c., Nok, Nigeria.
1st iron using culture in W. Africa. Agriculturalists.
Nok ceramic sculptures: heads, rare, unknown when made. Perhaps for gravestones. |
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Term
Sahel (savannah): W. Africa
"The shore of the Sahara"
Camels = ships of the sea. |
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Definition
Trans-Saharan camel caravans, to S., copper and salt, to N., gold.
Jenne-Jenno.
Kingdom of Ghana
Kingdom of Mali. |
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Term
| Jenne-Jenno: Sahel: W. Africa |
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Definition
250 b.c.-a.d. 1150 max size a.d. 800-900, important trading community. Niger, ancient site.
Markets.
Populated, very ruch. |
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Term
| Kingdom of Mali: Sahel: W. Africa |
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Definition
Tax muslim traders when going through.
King = Mansa Musa. Brought gold, destroyed economy. |
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Term
| Kingdom of Ashante, Ghana: W. Africa |
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Definition
Kumasi capital. 20th. people.
Ashante-hene = king, son of sun god.
-> Gold = office, markers.
16 a.d., 5 mil. people. |
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Term
| Igbo Ukwu: Kingdoms of Nigeria |
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Definition
800-900 a.d.,
First Bronze.
Elaborate cast bronze artifacts, burial of chief at Igbo Richard.
Highly stratified. |
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Term
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Definition
1150-1450 a.d., Yoruba speakers.
Fine bronze and terracotta heads. Perhaps influenced by Igbo Ukwu. In shrines. Commemorate ancestors.
Oni, title of king. |
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Term
| Benin: Kingdoms of Nigeria |
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Definition
1400-present.
Major trade with Portuguese, began in 1485.
Famous for bronzes. Many taken by British in 1897.
Wall around city.
1st king = from Ife.
Oba = title of Benin king.
Red coral = god of sea, bringer of wealth. |
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Term
Southern and Eastern Africa
-> San
->Bantu
->Early Iron Age |
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Definition
San: hunter gaterers.
Bantu: iron workers, pastoralism & agriculture, ceramics, and settled village life.
Early iron age: 300 b.c.-1000 a.d. Assoc. with spread of Bantu, first pottery, and food production.
South Africa, iron, pottery, and cattle introduced, ca a.d. 500. |
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Term
| Great Zimbabwe: S. & E. Africa |
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Definition
Zimbabwe, stone structires 1300-1450 a.d.
Acropolis and temple, two areas of site, important for gold mining trade to east coast.
Long distance trade. |
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