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ANT 3100: Chapter 2
Vocabulary
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/27/2012

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Term
homeostasis
Definition
maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Term
regulator
Definition
contains a set point
Term
receptors
Definition
provide information to the regulator about specific conditions
Term
effectors
Definition
drive conditions toward the set point via input from the regulator
Term
negative feedback
Definition
return to the set point in response to a deviation from the set point; maintains homeostasis
Term
positive feedback
Definition
further deviation from the set point in response to a deviation from the set point; does not contribute to homeostasis
Term
In an average adult female, water comprises approximately __% of total body weight
Definition
50%
Term
In an average adult male, water comprises approximately __% of total body weight
Definition
60% - due to more muscle mass
Term
inorganic molecules
Definition
water, salts, acids, bases
Term
extracellular compartments
Definition
plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph, transcellular fluids
Term
salts function as:
Definition
fluid/electrolyte/pH balance and general homeostasis
Term
acid
Definition
H+ donor
Term
base
Definition
H+ acceptor
Term
organic molecules
Definition
ATP, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Term
ATP comprises of
Definition
adenine molecule + ribose molecule + 3 phosphate molecules
Term
carbohydrates composed primarily of
Definition
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
carbohydrates are typically _______ in water
Definition
soluble
Term
six carbon monosaccharides
Definition
glucose, fructose, galactose
Term
five carbon monosaccharides
Definition
deoxyribose, ribose
Term
disaccharides are
Definition
pairs of monosaccharides linked together
Term
maltose =
Definition
glucose + glucose
Term
sucrose =
Definition
glucose + fructose
Term
lactose =
Definition
glucose + galactose
Term
lipids composed primarily of
Definition
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
lipids are __________ in water
Definition
insoluble due to low ratio of oxygen to carbon which makes them less polar
Term
triglycerides are the
Definition
majority of the lipid in the body
Term
saturated
Definition
solely single bonds between carbons
Term
unsaturated
Definition
one or more double bond
Term
monounsaturated
Definition
one double bond
Term
polyunsaturated
Definition
more than one double bond
Term
steroids are derived from
Definition
cholesterol
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