Term
| 3 functions of the nervous system |
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Definition
1) sensory function
2) integrative function
3) motor function |
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Term
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Definition
| senses changes (stimuli) in the internal and external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| analyzes the changes and makes decisions on what should happen |
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Term
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Definition
| responds to the stimuli after decision is made |
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Term
| the nervous system is divided into |
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Definition
1) central nervous system
2) peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| central nervous system consists of |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| all other nervous system structures (e.g. sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses) |
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Term
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Definition
1) somatic nervous system
2) autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| controls skeletal muscles (voluntary) |
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Term
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Definition
| controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (involuntary) |
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Term
| the autonomic nervous system is divided into |
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Definition
1) sympathetic division
2) parasympathetic division |
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Term
| sympathetic division activated when? |
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Definition
| during times of physical activity and with stressful situations |
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Term
| activation of sympathetic division can result in |
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Definition
| pounding heart, rapid and deep breathing, cold and sweaty skin, and dilated pupils |
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Term
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Definition
| controls resting and non-stressful situations |
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Term
| 2 major categories of the cells found in the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| glial cells are also called |
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Definition
| neuroglia (supporting cells of the nervous system) |
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Term
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Definition
1) astrocytes
2) ependymal cells
3) microglia
4) oligodendrocytes
5) Schwann cells
6) satellite cells |
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Term
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Definition
| conduct electrical impulses (action potentials) from one part of the body to another |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell body and two types of processes (axons and dendrites) |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus, organelles, and cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of cell bodies within the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of cell bodies within the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| parts of the neuron which receive electrical impulses (action potentials) |
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Term
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Definition
| carry action potentials away from the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| bulb shaped ends of the axons |
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Term
| presynaptic terminals contain |
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Definition
| synaptic vesicles which store neurotransmitters (chemical messengers of the nervous system) |
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Term
| myelin sheaths (description) |
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Definition
| insulate the neuron and speed up the conduction of a nervous impulse |
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Term
| in the CNS, myelin sheaths are formed by |
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Definition
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Term
| in the PNS, myelin sheaths are formed by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interruptions in the myelin sheath where adjacent oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells meet |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that have axons covered with myelin sheaths |
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Term
| how do action potentials of myelinated neurons travel? |
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Definition
| action potentials travel along the axons of myelinated neurons by way of saltatory conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that have axons that are not covered with myelin sheaths |
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Term
| how do action potentials of unmyelinated neurons travel? |
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Definition
| action potentials travel along the axons of unmyelinated neurons by continuous conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of the CNS that consist mainly of myelinated axons [area is white in color] |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of the CNS that consist mainly of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons [gray in color] |
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Term
| neurons can be classified according to their |
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Definition
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Term
| functional classification |
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Definition
| based on direction in which the action potentials are conducted |
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Term
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Definition
| conduct action potentials (from sensory receptors) toward the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| conduct action potentials away from the CNS (towards muscles and glands) |
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Term
| interneurons (association neurons) |
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Definition
| conduct action potentials from one neuron to another within the CNS |
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Term
| structural classification |
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Definition
| based on the number of processes that extend from the neuron cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| highly specialized junction between two cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| also called gap junctions (involved in cell to cell communication) |
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Term
| 3 essential components of a chemical synapse |
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Definition
1) presynaptic terminal
2) synaptic cleft
3) postsynaptic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| releases neurotransmitters (chemical messengers that open or close ion channels) |
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Term
| where are neurotransmitters stored? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the cell with which it synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane after the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| where is presynaptic terminal formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| function of chemical synapse |
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Definition
| "transfer" an action potential from the presynaptic terminal to the postsynaptic membrane |
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