Term
| What range percent is in the Fat-free mass of animal's body in vivo? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the % fat-free mass of animals body get higher after birth? |
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Definition
| Because the animal develops adipose tissue, which has triglycerides that are hydrophobic |
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Term
| Animals have decreased hydration with age, what is this directly related to? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do protein,ash, fat, and water compare in a Newborn Calf, Fat steer, and Thin steer? |
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Definition
| They all have roughly the same amount of protein and ash. Water and fat vary, because they are intertwined (when fat is high, water is low). |
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Term
| What is the greatest killer of neonates worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
| When an animal has diarrhea, what specifically compromises health and performance? |
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Definition
| loss of water and electrolytes |
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Term
| What can diarrhea possibly be caused by? |
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Definition
| bacteria, viruses, some chemicals, and stress |
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Term
| What is the function of water, and what are three ways it helps promote homeothermy? |
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Definition
its function is a solvent.
it helps promote homeothermy due to:
-high specific heat (amount of heat per unit mass to increases temp 1 degree C)
-High thermal conductivity
-High heat of vaporization |
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Term
| what percent of body weight is blood volume? |
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Definition
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Term
What percent of body water lost is deadly?
What about in piglets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is metabolic water and where/how is it produced? |
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Definition
The water produced in cells.
-produced by oxidation of hydrocarbons containing molecules in order to generate energy |
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Term
| What is the half-life of water turnover, and is it considered fast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is water especially absorbed in the GIT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism that helps GIT absorb water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two factors that effect how much water is absorbed? |
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Definition
| Species and environment they reside, and also how much food they have in their gut |
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Term
| What is the species of cow that comes from tropical areas? from temperate areas? |
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Definition
bos indicus (tropic)--drinks more
bos taurus (temperate) |
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Term
| What are the four sources of water sources for animals, and which of the four are the two primary sources? |
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Definition
| Drinking water, water in food, metabolic water, water generated as product of other metabolic reactions. First 2 are primary. |
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Term
| why may the recommended drinking water intakes of adult animals vary? |
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Definition
| productive functions may vary |
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Term
| As food intake increases, water intake decreases. What areas in the body are involved in this? What hormones are involved? |
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Definition
Pathway: brain: hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands
Hormones: Anti-diaredic hormone and adosterone. |
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Term
a. What is the range for general guidelines for water intake?
b. what ratio of water:kg feed will cattle consume?
c. swine?
d. sheep, horses, and poultry?
e. when would increased ratios be seen (3) |
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Definition
a. 2-5 kg water/kg feed DM
b. 4 kg water/kg feed DM
c. 2-2.5 kg water/kg feed DM
d. 2-3 kg water/kg feed DM
e. pregnancy, lactation, and heat stress |
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Term
| what are the 5 issues that go along with water quality? |
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Definition
| salinity, solids, minerals, man-made chemicals, free from microbes |
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Term
| what is the salinity in fresh water? salt water? |
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Definition
<1000 parts per million (fresh)
>35 million ppm (sea water) |
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Term
| what are the 4 types of solids found in water? |
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Definition
-carbonates
-sulfates
-bicarbonates
-chlorides of Ca, Mg, Na, K |
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Term
Less than _____ of solids in water is good.
less than_____ of solids in water is safe.
more than ______ solids in water is not fit for animals. |
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Definition
a. 2500 mg/l
b. 5000 mg/l
c. 10,000 mg/l |
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Term
a. What is the abbreviation of Nitrate? Nitrite?
b. which is toxic in low amounts?
c. why is it toxic?
d. what are signs of this poising? |
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Definition
a. NO3, NO2
b. NO2; nitrite
c. it attaches to hemoglobin (turning it into methemoglobin) and blocks O2 attachment, thus depletes oxygen flow through the body.
d. blue lips, heavy breathing, abortions, rapid pulse |
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Term
| What organizations established the upper limits on water quality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the goal of providing water? |
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Definition
| to provide water that is clean, fresh, no odors, no other chemicals, not contaminated by microbes. |
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