Term
| How long is the spermatogenic cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some factors that can affect the spermatogenic cycle |
|
Definition
Temperature (need 36 celsius)
Testosterone dependent
(nurse cells bathe sperm in testosteone) |
|
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Term
HYPOTHALAMUS
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
gonadotropin releasing hormone (RnRH)
stimulates release of LH & FSH
targets the pituitary |
|
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Term
PITUITARY
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
lutenizing hormone for steroid production in the testes
follicle stimulating hormone for sperm production in the testes |
|
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Term
TESTES
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
testosterone
sperm development
testes, negative feedback mechanism to the hypothalamus |
|
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Term
| What are the inspection points of a Breeding Soundness Exam for a stallion? |
|
Definition
1. General physical exam
2. External reproductive organ exam
3. Internal reproducive organs
4. Semen collection & evaluation |
|
|
Term
| What factors are considered when evaluating semen? |
|
Definition
-motility %
-colour
-concentration
-volume
-general morphology of sperm |
|
|
Term
| What membrane on sperm is essential for fertility? |
|
Definition
Acrosomal membrane
-contains enzymes & calcium, essential for penetration of egg |
|
|
Term
| What does the presence of a cytoplasmic droplet indicate? Which is worse, a distal or proximal cytoplasmic droplet? |
|
Definition
indicates overbreeding
distal may still be functional, proximal is likely infertile |
|
|
Term
| By using AI, how long can the viability of sperm be extended? |
|
Definition
| 24-48 hours inside a mare from live cover, can be extended to 7 days with AI techniques |
|
|
Term
| what concentration of sperm is ideal for cooling and transport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for calculating the required volume of extender? |
|
Definition
| [Gel-free semen volume X concentration] divided by 50million, multiplied by gel-free volume |
|
|
Term
True or False
The best type of antibiotic, cooling rate and extender is typically the same for all stallions |
|
Definition
False
some semen 'prefers' different methods! |
|
|
Term
| Name some factors that might affect the fertility of cooled semen |
|
Definition
frequency of insemination
concentration of sperm in extender
type of extender used
type of antibiotic used
cooling rate
storage time & temperature
inherit fertility |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the scrotum? |
|
Definition
| holds the testes, thermoregulatory |
|
|
Term
| What are the sperm-producing cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory glands of the stallion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How would you describe a mare's cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two periods of a mare's cycle |
|
Definition
Ovulatory period (reg heat cycle)
Anovualtory period (no follicle production) |
|
|
Term
| What is the length of the estrus cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two stages of the estrus cycle, characteristics of each? |
|
Definition
Estrus
-7 +/- 2 days, estrogen produced, present eternal signs, ovulation occurs in last 24hrs
Diestrus
14 +/- 2 days, progesterone is produced when corpus luteum is present |
|
|
Term
| What is the corpus luteum? |
|
Definition
| filling of blood where the follicle ruptured |
|
|
Term
PINEAL GLAND
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
melatonin
cycle suppression
hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
PITUITARY (mare)
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
LH - stimulates ovulation - targets ovary
FSH - stimulates follicle selection - ovary |
|
|
Term
CORPUS LUTEUM
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
| progesterone - tightens repro tract - targets reproductive tract |
|
|
Term
OVARY
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
| estrogen - softening of repro tract - targets repro tract |
|
|
Term
UTERUS
Name the hormone secreted, the function, and the target organ |
|
Definition
| prostaglandin - stops progesterone production by destroying corpus luteum - targets ovary |
|
|
Term
| Describe some hormone manipulation methods in mares |
|
Definition
Light
Gonadotropin hormone (stimulates ovulation)
Pregesterone (stops cycling)
Estrogen (induces cycling)
Prostaglanding (induce heat) |
|
|
Term
| What traits might make a mare difficult to impregnate? |
|
Definition
| Maiden mares, older mares, conformational abnormalities, early embryonic mortality |
|
|
Term
| What disease shed through the stud genitalia can cause abortions? |
|
Definition
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