Term
Farm Animal Functions in U.S. Society |
|
Definition
- Meat
- Milk
- Eggs
- Research
- Pleasure
- Companionship
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Any and all interactions going on in each body cell and complex body organs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Nutrition
- Genetics
- Environment
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Physical, chemical, and biological factors that surround an animal's body.
ex. temp, humidity, light, sound wind, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four major environmental categories that effect physiology? |
|
Definition
- Behavior reactions
- Disease problems
- Reproductive problems
- Physiological reactions
|
|
|
Term
| What are the physiological systems of farm animals? |
|
Definition
- Digestive System
- Reproductive System
- Respiration System
- Metabolism
- Growth
- Circulatory System
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Environmental
- Genetic
- Induced
- Natural
- Domestic
- Physiological
|
|
|
Term
| Define Environmental Adaptation. |
|
Definition
Any functional, structural, or behavioral trait that favors animals' survival or reproduction in any environment.
ex. Body temp
-Cold blooded animals and warm blooded animals have ddifferent adaptations for environmental temperature |
|
|
Term
| Examples of functional environmental adaptation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Structural Environmental Adaptations. |
|
Definition
developing legs
(evolving) |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Behavioral Environmental Adaptations. |
|
Definition
| Get close together when it's cold. |
|
|
Term
| What determines an animals capacity to adapt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What induces an animal to adapt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Natural Adaptation? |
|
Definition
| the result of adaptation favoring survival in particular environments |
|
|
Term
| What is Domestic Adaptation? |
|
Definition
Inherent characteristics that allow for survival with human care.
*humans select the desired traits |
|
|
Term
| What is Physiological Adaptation? |
|
Definition
Inherent capacity of animal to adjust biological functions and survive different enviornments
ex. Kangaroo rats- comcentrate water from urine to survive hot environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Any environmental situation that provokes an adaptive response.
|
|
|
Term
| Stress can be ____ or ______ |
|
Definition
acute- (short term)
chronic- (long term)
***acute can become chronic |
|
|
Term
| Definiton of Acclimation. |
|
Definition
change or adjustment in rate of function in resoponse to a period of change in a single environmental parameter
↓→complex environmental changes such as seasons
ex. Animal pants/sweats slower or more efficiently the longer it is exposed to heat stress temps |
|
|
Term
| When does an animal become Habituatied to a stimulus? |
|
Definition
when that certain stimulus happens over and over
ex. cows become habituated to plane flying overhead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what ways do animals try to maintain homeostasis? |
|
Definition
functionally, structurally, and behaviorally
ex. body temp, blood pH, water balance, heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when warm blooded animals try to maintain consistant internal body temps |
|
|
Term
| What Environmental Factors that effect Thermal Regualtion? |
|
Definition
- Air Temperaturs
- Air Speed
- Air vapor pressure/relative humidity
- Radiant temperature-->sun
- contact medium temperature-->lying on the ground or in water
|
|
|
Term
| What are an animals internal response to heat stress? |
|
Definition
| tissue insulation slows blood flow to and from skin |
|
|
Term
| What are animals' external responses to heat stress? |
|
Definition
| cover-hair and feathers ahve muscles that increase |
|
|
Term
| Define Thermal Exchange (radiation) |
|
Definition
Heat flow without aid of material medium
(UV Rays) |
|
|
Term
| Define Thermal Exchange (Conduction) |
|
Definition
| Heat flow based on contact |
|
|
Term
| What does Conduction Thermal Exchange depend on? |
|
Definition
- Temperature of objects
- Surface contact
- Conductivity of material
|
|
|
Term
| Define Thermal Exchange (convection) |
|
Definition
Heat flow due to liquid molecules having enough energy to change from liquid to gas
ex. sweating |
|
|
Term
| What is sensible heat flow? |
|
Definition
- heat flow through conduction, convection, and radiation
- can measure with a thermometer
|
|
|
Term
What is latent heat flow?
|
|
Definition
|
- can not measure with thermometer
|
|
|
Term
Panting VS Sweating
Name the animals that sweat more that panting. |
|
Definition
Human, camel, horse
*cow is aprox. 50/50 |
|
|
Term
Panting VS Sweating
What animals sweat more than pant? |
|
Definition
Chicken, Pig, Dog, Cat, Sheep
*Cow is about 50/50 |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #1? |
|
Definition
Thermal Comfort Zone
- environmental temp range where thermal regulatory effort is minimal |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #2? |
|
Definition
Thermoneutral Zone
-environmental temperature range where metabolism is minimal |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #3? |
|
Definition
Cool Zone
-warming behavior
-physical thermal regulation |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #4? |
|
Definition
Warm Zone
-Cooling behavior
-physical thermal regulation |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #5? |
|
Definition
Hypothermy
-decrease in body temp |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #6? |
|
Definition
Summit Metabolism
-hightest metabolic rate |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #7? |
|
Definition
Upper Critical Temperature
-Upper enviornmental temperature prior to increasing metabolic rate |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #8? |
|
Definition
Basal Metabolic Rate
-metabolic rate at lowest level |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #9? |
|
Definition
Intolerable Cold Zone
-environmental temperature range below which metabolic rate no longer increases |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #10? |
|
Definition
Cold Zone
-environmental temperature range of chemical thermal regulation
-area of cold stress |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #11? |
|
Definition
Hot Zone
-Area of heat stress
-evaporative heat loss greatest |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #12? |
|
Definition
Intolerable Hot Zone
-environmental temperature range where animal can't cool itself |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #13? |
|
Definition
Hyperthermy
-increasing body temperature |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #14? |
|
Definition
| Animal's Body Temperature |
|
|
Term
Curve of Thermogenisis
What is #15? |
|
Definition
Lower-Critical Temperature
|
|
|
Term
T/F
Heat stress is more difficult for animals to manage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stages in Animal Growth
What is the self-accelerating phase? |
|
Definition
-first few weeks of growth
-slow |
|
|
Term
Stages of Growth
What is the inflection phase? |
|
Definition
time period of most rapid growth
(puberty) |
|
|
Term
Stages of Growth
What is the self-retarding phase? |
|
Definition
| growth stops and/or starts to decrease |
|
|
Term
Cellular Growth
What is hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cellular Growth
What is Hypertrophy? |
|
Definition
| Increase in size of cells |
|
|
Term
| How does environment effect growth? |
|
Definition
- nutrition
- environmental temp exposure
- Heat Stress
- animals don't eat a lot bc heat production
- Cold Stress
- causes animal to eat more and produce body fat
|
|
|
