Term
|
Definition
*federal Law 1966 b/c dogs/cats in research (thefts)
*controls who posses/ sell/ anim conditions
*licensing system for anim dealers & research labs
*enforced by USDA (w/in USDA, APHIS performs inspections)
*does not put standards for nut, types of exercise |
|
|
Term
| Animal Welfare Act Enforcement |
|
Definition
1) Facilities required to purchase from liscensed dealer
-must keep records
2)Establish humane care provisions (min care standards)
3) Establish syst of inspections
4) Does not regulate 'how' used in research
*led to form IACUC (reg animal #s) |
|
|
Term
| Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
|
Definition
APHIS
*w/in USDA,
*animal care personnel perform inspections
*changes in reg:
# BREEDING FEMALES ALLOWED TO BE REQ FOR LICENSE
-less than, = 4
FOCUS ON LRG BREED OPERATIONS
-hobby breeders assume efficient care + selling for pets/exhibition
COMMERCIAL SALE @ WHOLESALE LEVEL |
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|
Term
| AWA Animal Guidelines for |
|
Definition
*standards for humane care and treatment
*dogs/cats
*Guiena/hamsters
*rabbits
*non human primates
*marine mammals
*other warm blooded mammals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
*handling
*housing
*feed/water
*sanitation
*ventilation
*Shelter from extremes
*adequate vet care
*sep by species for handling/care
*exercise (dogs)
*physical env req for well being of primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WARM BLOODED
*used for research, test, experiment, exhibition, pets
BIRDS
*recent add
*standards not established |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RATS & MICE FOR RESEARCH
-covered by others (NIH, AAALAC, IACUC)
-allows biomed + behaviors
-have basic humane care
FARM ANIMALS (LIVESTOCK, POULTRY, HORSES)
COLD BLOODS (AMP, REPT) |
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Term
| Animals exempt form APHIS |
|
Definition
*Retail pet stores
-loophole caused unhealthy pets
-online fraud (now APHIS inspects)
-routine dog breeders w/ >80% unmonitored
-now hane min care standards
*animal rescue groups (pound/shelter/humane society)
*Fairs, shows, rodeos
*Purebred dog/cat shows
*Working dog-breeders
-but if sell wholesale not exempt
*rabbits for food, fur, breeding, 4H
*businesses that deal w/ only fish, rept, amp
*pet owners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*animal carriers, handlers, dealers
*animal breeders, exhibitors, research labs
*sooz, circuses |
|
|
Term
| Dog/ Cat care requirements (AWA) |
|
Definition
*secure, safe, sound, ventilated
*saintized/ maintained surfaces
*H2O/ power
*routine waste removal
*adequate drainage (dry animals)
*50-85F (unless sp breed extreme)
*dry bed
*diurnal light cycle (natural/art light)
*fed once day
*H2O cont or 2 daily (1hr)
*shelter lrg to sit,etc normal and turn free
*outside compacted earth, absorb bed, sand, gravel, grass
*NO metal objects(cars,fridge) housing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*min vert space + floor space
*24 in h
*SM CATS (<8.8 lbs)- least 3 sqft
LRG CATS (>8.8 lbs)- least 4sqft
*compatible
*no mre than 12 adult, nonconditioned cats
*elevated rest surf
*litter tray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*min floor space
*(l of dog, in + 6) x (l of dog, in + 6) = req floor space in sqin (divide 144= sqft)
* 6 in higher than head of tallest dog in norm stace
*compatible
*no more 12 uncond
*NO permanent/temporary tethering (unless APHIS)
*facilities/ dealers develop/document exercise plan (approved by vet)
*written standard procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*dogs need exercise
* met req if
1) in group, if space 100%
2)anim research, preg, ill ind housed w/ 2x min floor space
3)access to open space for freq/ duration (determined by vet)
-treadmills, carousels, swimming not accepted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*beyond AWA min standards & humane treatment
*how animal is coping w/ the cond in which it lives
GOOD
*helahty, comfortable, nourished, safe
*no pain, fear, distress
*express innate behavior
*REQ disease prevention, vet care
*REQ shelter, manage, nut
*REQ human handle
*REQ provisions for physical/mental needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*animals have behavior needs (nat/norm behavior e species, highly mot behaviors)
*driven by core emotions
*emotional syst of brain basis for welfare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
POSITIVE
seeking
Caring
play
NEGATIVE
fear
rage
panic
*lust could be both
*highly motivated (seek, fear) target of enrich to improve welfare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*novelty seeking/ expectancy syst
*based on impuse to investigate to sense env
*+ emotions of want, looking forward to, curious (always sometign new)
*energized/ riveted attention to task
*movement toward novel obj (used in enrich)
*closely associated w/ fear
*genetic based (hi/low novelty seekers)
*all animals attract by novelty (diff in how react, more react = more rapid fear)
(EX: foraging, stalking) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Orientating response
-look, pause
2)decide how to react
-cont seek, run (fear), attack (panic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*nurturing (mother-young caretake)
*social bonding
*relaxed state behaviors/ self care behaviors (cud chewing, purring) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*strong urge in young to run, chase, pounce, wrestle (instinct)
*aggressive assertive actions = euphoria (+ emot)
*group social norms & interact
*motor skills, cope w/ unexpected
*instinctual action of brain
*little is known |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*anxiety
*most primitive emotion (motive to avoid danger)
*can be fear cond (fearn aversive stimuli)
*flight, freeze, fight
*handling, restraint (agitation caused by fear, not pain)
*2 fear circuits
* could be red by taming
*degree of fearful varies (influ by genet; temp, fear, anxiety)
-more reactive = less likely to explore novel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) instantaneous escape (surv)
2)slower response- more accurate info
*sudden novelty new experience and strong stressor, stim behavioral escape rxn and inc stress hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*reduction of fear (dec flight zone)
*routinely handled
*trained for vet
*dec cortisol compared to force restraint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-inappropriate aggression(guard when not needed)
DOG BREED COMPARISON
Shepherd: greater inter dog agress, strangers, anxiety
Retiriver: grest nerous stability, overcome fear, cooperate, affiability
Pit: needed low aggression to pass and did
TEMPERAMENT ASSESSMENT
*cattle chute (struggle and exit speed)
*foot stomp (pigs startle response)
*selection for docility, Brahman (docile, 1 --> agressive, 5)
*tonic immobility test (rabbits, chickens; measure fearfulness, more fearful = longer to flip back over) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
*anger (sep from fear, but some sp have overlap brain)
*close interact w/ fear
*observed when take away freedom of action (barrier to seek, restraint)
*fight, flight rxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*separation distress (weaning, loss)
*distinct from fear circuits (socially motivated)
*mammals social dependent and bonded (enhance surv, some sp more dependent)
*isolation stressor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*normal behaviors evolve to satisfy
*animals need freedom to act natural (barren env = abnormal)
*env enrich |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*repetitive abnormal behavior
*caused by barren env (unenriched)
*causes frustration, stress, anxiety, lead to poor welfare
*triggered by over + under stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Good Environmental Enrich |
|
Definition
*improve biological func
*red motivation to perform abnormal
- develop as a habit but needs to stop
*allow to engage in more normal behaviors
- need to know what is considered norm
LAB/SHELTER ANIMALS
*good housing cond and conspecific contact
*inanimate enrich and social w/ humans
**could decrease unwanted behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Environmental Enrich Programs |
|
Definition
*provide opportunities for expressing behaviors driven by + emot syst
*min fear, rage, panic = red cond that promote constant fear or deprive opportunities for seek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*dynamis processes to modify env to improve welfare (housing, toys, nut, social, exercise, sensory)
*highly ind responses
*add variety, diversity, novelty
*understand natural behavior of e species (sim to wild counterparts;feeding hierarchy)
*GOAL: inc behavioral choices to encourage species appropriate behaviors to enhance anim welfare |
|
|
Term
| Importance of Complex env |
|
Definition
YOUNG
enhance mental and physical develop
ADULT
ensure good welfare by meeting behavioral needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Need to know
1) the funct of enrich obj used
2)behavior attempting to be modified
3) response dependent upon specific species
Target needs
1) social
2)physical activity
3) mental stimulation
4) species-specific (norm) behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) SPACE
-3D space, Inc size of home (climb, explore) windows, trees
-elevation, hiding (coping strats)
-safe haven (reg stress)
2) RESOURCES
-food, water, litter
-rest places (perch/hide)
-safe entry/exit
-multicats -> distrib of resource
-solitary need privacy of resources
3) PRIVACY
-position resources away from others
-innate coial groups (more solitary, females cooperate, social bonds exist not necessary)
-allogrooming, rubbing, sleeping
4) ABILITY TO PERFORM NORM BEHAVIORS
-innate pred behavior (mental stim)
-fundamental behavior req (hunt, play, scratch; hunting & feed sep)
-adult play practice hunting
- scratching posts (marking) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LOCOMOTOR
-EX: tail spinning
-movement related
-too much E not being directed
HALLUCINATORY
-light/ shadow chasing
SELF MUTILATION/INJURIES
-biting tail
-biting/lick paws
-over grooming
ORAL
-PICA- eating not food
-ARB (cats)- genetic linked abnormal behaviors (wool sucking)
-glank sucking, lick granuloma
-hard to break
-could be relaed to medical prob |
|
|
Term
| Compulsive vs abnormal behavior |
|
Definition
| *compulsive behavior not triggered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Env
-most important/challenging to manage
2) Nut
-carnivores
3) Repro
4) Behavior
5) Infectious Disease Control
-not vaccinated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*territorial, solitary
*5000 years w/ people (b/c grain storage rodents)
* M: tom, F: queen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*protein
*taurine
-need for repro, retina func heart
* Vit A&D
-B keratine b/c dont get lots from rodents
-have enzymes and precurssors but not good pathways so dont make D
*niacin
-essential nut
*nut biology reflects evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*seasonally polyestrous, induced ovulators (need cervix stim & neural reflex of LH)
*determined by light: need @ least 12 hrs
Maturity: 8-10m
Cycle: 15-21d
Estrus: 5-6d
Gestation: 63d
Litter: 4-5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*sterile toms in catterys push females out of estrous
*need healthy females (not too thin/lrg)
*queening box
*newborns checked for cleft palate, umbilical infection
PROBS
*dystocia- oversized cat (too much Ca)
*infertility
*irregular cycle
*nursing issues
*fading kitten sydrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*weight gain, vigor, temp, neonat
*righting reflex- flip over
*rooting reflex- search for nipple
*twitiching- move & make noise b/c pathway develop
*colostrum- b/c dont get enough immunoglobulins from placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*neonatal siethrolysis (breaking of RBC)
*cause anemic and dark urine
*b/c blood mismatch (A: common); type A kittens born to type B moms
- antibodies in colostrum (B cats have A antibod, only sm # A cats have B antibod)
SOLN
*breed B to B
*foster A kittens to another queen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*housed in SVM
*grad student research
*cat food test (Cu deficiency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Cu essential minearl and cofactor for lysolixadase
*lack of Cu cause deformities, irregular collagen formations, abnormal pigments (white)
*2 forms (Cu oxide, Cu sulfate)
-can't use oxide
SOLN
*purified diets
*vegetarian diets still able to eat and digest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AAFCO- Ass. of Am Feed Control Officials
*trade organization
*models feed laws
*states adopt and must conform
*measured by animal feed test or computer
*complete and balanced claims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
USDA
*federal regulation
*2x yearly inspections by AWA
AAALAC
*university regulation
*reaccredited every 3 yr
*contains IACUC (animal #s in research)
NPCC
*SOPs
*specific research document |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SPECIFIC PATHOGEN FREE
*disease barriers (shower in, protective clother feet/ isolation quarantine)
*disease screening
*personnel (clean, disinfect, sanitize, hygiene, proactive awareness
*restricted entry (not vaccinated) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*isolate new animals
*vaccination
*travel/breeding.showing concerns
*traffic/ handling limited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*req rest surface
*gorup housing (same sex/ harem mating, mult F, 1 M)
*ind housing (data, queening, weaning)
*isolation/ recovery areas
*no clay/ clump litter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*need microchips, collar, tattoo (AWA)
*health record
*breed syst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RINGWORM
*disease of skin
*common in some breeds
INT/EXT PARASITES
*not fungal
*zoonotic, leaves lesion
*fleas, ear mites, tapeworms
*carried by long hair cats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PANLEUKOPENIA
*most infectious subclinical
*similar to parvo
*agressive therapy to treat, severe entheritis
*spread fecal-oral, fomite (inanimate obj spread diesase, brrom)
*vaccinate (not young or preg b/c ccerebellar hypoplasia- motor develop probs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (FLV)
*vaccinate
*lymphoma prevented w/ handwash
*saliva transmit (immunology determines severity)
*shed for motnhs -> years |
|
|
Term
| Upper Respiratory Diseases |
|
Definition
CALICIVIRUS
HERPESVIRUS 1
*cold symptoms( eye sores)
*won't eat cuz can't smell
CHLAMYDOPHILA
*all have mult agents
*direct, close contact, fomite, hands transmission
*treat symptoms, prevent spread
*vaccinate
*break w/ stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MYCOPLASMA HAEMOFELIS
*Feline Infectious Anemia
*severe anemia
*blood transmission (RBC)
*arthropods?
YERSINIA PESTIS
*zoonotic
*plague agent
*rodent, flea contact involve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GIARDIA
*fecal/ oral spread
*vaccine available but need hygeiene
COCCIDIA/ CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
*subclinical, common in healthhy cats
*sanitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*lrg int rabbit rescue education
*started @ UCD to learn about housing rabbits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*intelligent
*mischievous
*social (herd)- can be territorial/bonded
*nondiscriminating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LITTERBOX
*need positive reinforcement
*use hay
NEW HOUSE
*start w/ sm space (no wire bottom cage) in common room
*bunny proof (protect cords and valuables)
CARE
*need jump/exercise space
*nail trim weekly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SPAY/ NEUTER
* N male: after 4m, S fe: after 6m (decreases ovarian cancer, testicular)
*better behavior, dec overpopulation (every 30d) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Unlimted Hay (pushes food down, grinds teeeth)
*Greens low in sugar/ Ca for hydration (italian parsley)
*pellet food
*ned to limit sugars to small portion of fruit
*no carbs, seeds, corn, grapes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*hind-gut fermentors (cecum need bact balance)
*coprophagia - eat cecotophs o keep good bact
*GI stasis has mult reasons
*teeth (front incisors, prg, molars) constantly growing -> lead to malocclusion and dental disease (runny eyes, wet mouth, appetite)
*if malocclusion trim every 2-4 weeks, if doesnt work remove incisors and peg teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*symptoms: head tilt, abscess, red urine
E. CUNICULI
*protozoa so cant kill (need antibiot)
PASTURELLA/ BORDATELLA
-bact
*treat w/ Cipro, Baytril, Sulfa drugs
NO amoxicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*no pine/cedar shavings
*toxic plants
*climate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*cliate concern b/c 60-80 F ideal (T released through ears, no baths)
*predators
*digging to escape but heat
*fur mites, ear mites, ring worm, flies, mosquitos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*physical therapy
*anxiety, nervousness of hospitals
*doesn't scare easily, good temper, Pet Partners certification, low reactivity to stressors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) divide pen (w/ spay/neuter)
2) good behavior add a sm stressor + see if comfort e other (quirt bottles, grooming) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| *care, maintenance, breeding of reptiles and amphibians under captive conditions |
|
|
Term
Cage requirements
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*appropriate size, ventilation, escape proof
*absorbent, dust free substrate (rept)
*mosit paper towel (amp)
*hide area w/ heater, H2) opposite
*moist retreat for molting
*80-90F |
|
|
Term
Light requirements
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*full spectrum lighting (Ca absorption)
*natural sun, full spec fluorescent, mercury vapor
*needed for good metabolism |
|
|
Term
Theral requirements
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*good temp = inc longevity
*SA:V cause snake to heat fast
*poikilotherms, ECTOTHERMS
*Snake optimal T: 30C
*thermal req & moisture levels determine location
*need thermal gradients in cage |
|
|
Term
Feed requirements
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*multiple types of prey in wild
*mice, crickets in captivity w/ vit/min supps
*snakes have loose skull to eat prey
*no fused ant mandibles (# ligaments connect lower mandible, allows each mandible to move independ)
*METHODS: overpower/constrict/envenomate & engulf
*once weekly, 2x month feeding
*SUPER CHARGED DIET: feed red lettuce, carrots, etc 24hr b4 offer mealworm, crickets (dusted in vit.min supplement)
*stimulate feeding |
|
|
Term
Water requirements
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*need proper amount and kind
*carefully monitored
*Spring H2O best b/c osomot press |
|
|
Term
Health concerns
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*mites (permectrin)
*stomatitis (mouth rot) - antibiot injects/debriding
*black specs in scales
*sitting in H2O bowl |
|
|
Term
Reproduction
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
*amp eggs fert externally in H2O
*need season to reproduce (T dec, brumation/winter coolin/48-58F, art rain season amp)
*spring emergence- animals fed freq, paired together 6w/1-2m after
*nest box- rept, damp paer towel oviposit (need cooling period)
*egg incubate @ 21C-35C (room T, 30opt) |
|
|
Term
Modes of Repro
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
OVIPARITY
lay shelled eggs
OVOVIVIPARITY
retain eggs in body until hatch |
|
|
Term
Captive Species
REPTILES/AMPHIBS |
|
Definition
SNAKES
*boids, colubrids
*Ca: gopherm king, rosy boas sold
LIZARDS
*monitors, beard dragons, leopard gecko, iguana, N. American iguanids
AMPHIBIANS
*frogs
*less freq bred |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SPACE
*less important than cat
*ind space
ABILITY TO PERFORM NORM BEHAVIOR
*(strong innate behavior)
*Social interaction
*mental stimulation
*natural feeding strats
*elimination
FREEDOM FROM FEAR/STRESS
*rxn vary (genetics/experience, seek reassurance/hide, coping strats need to be supported)
*FEAR IMPRINT- early on w/o socialization (8-10w)
TRAINING
*social interact w/ human, mental stim
*tricks, obedience, high level (agility, etc; reward > punish based)
*form benefits bond |
|
|
Term
| Dog Enrichment: Ability to Perform Norm Behavior- Social Interaction |
|
Definition
*obligate social, necessary (not good w/ isolation)
*w/ wrong enrichment, can create abnormal
HUMAN SOCIALIZATION/INTERACTION ENRICH
*play time, grooming, train
*most time consuming
*red cort in shelter = adoptable (overstimulating)
*geriatric animals maintain cognitive func |
|
|
Term
| Dog Enrichment: Ability to Perform Norm Behavior- Mental Stimulation |
|
Definition
TOYS
*agression could inc w/ groups
*inc time guard/monitoring toy
*availability/ quantity important
*object should not change seeking to negative emotion
TYPES
*problem solving, searching, activity feeders
*toys - have diff rxns (chewing, burrying, fetch)
NAT BEHAVIORS
*scavenging (surv), chewing ( dissecting), digging (hunters), vocal (guard) all breed specific
*elimination- marking, social needs
*physical exercise |
|
|
Term
| Dog Enrichment: Ability to Perform Norm Behavior- Natural Feeding Strats |
|
Definition
| *omnivorous scavengers *exploration (not just bowl) *puzzle feeders slow down & enrich |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*contradictory demands result from misunderstood breed-sp behaviors
- need to know what's norm
SOLN
*participate in active stim sports (agility, obedience, herding, etc)
*give dig areas
*need to stim reward system (seeking)
EX:
Collie- herding children
Terrier- digging |
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