Term
|
Definition
deepest to most shallow
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deepest layer of epidermis
attached to dermis
young keratinocytes- high mitotic index
some Merkel cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deepest layer of epidermis
attached to dermis
young keratinocytes- high mitotic index
some Merkel cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
second deepest
web of keratin filaments attached to desmosomes
have melanin and Lagerhans cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
middle layer
cells flatten
nuclei and organelles begin to disintegrate
accumulate keratohyaline and lamellated granules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
second closest to surface, ONLY IN THICK SKIN
no nourishment from capillaries
clear, flat and dead keratinocytes
keratohyaline granules parallel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
closest to surface
thickest later
dead cells filled with keratin fibrils
strong, protective, waterproof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. keratinocytes
2. melanocytes
3. Langerhans cells
4. Merkel cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce keratin
lifespan is 1-1.5 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce melanin
deepest layer of epidermis
melanin protects nuclei from UV rays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
epidermal dendritic cells
migrate to epidermis from bone marrow
macrophages-- activate immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tactile cells
at epidermis/dermis boundary
have disc-like sensory nerve ending-- touch receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| papillary layer and reticular layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| papillary layer and reticular layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin, superficial
no flat boundary
interwoven CT fibers
interspersed blood vessels
dermal papillae indent overlying epidermis (overlie dermal ridges on hands and soles of feet) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deeper, thick and sturdier layer
dense irregular CT
lots of parallel arrays of collagen
source of cleavage/tension lines |
|
|
Term
| what causes stretch marks (striae) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when you get a blister? |
|
Definition
| epidermis separates from dermis due to repetitive friction |
|
|
Term
| what are flexure lines, where are they found? |
|
Definition
| dermis tightly connected to joins, typically found near joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anchors skin to underlying structures with ability to slide
acts as shock absorber and insulation; stores fat
- made of areolar CT with blood vessels and adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| pigments contributing to skin colour |
|
Definition
melanin
carotene
hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only pigment made in the skin
dependent on skin type and relative amount and keratinocyte retention of pigment (how long melanin remains before being recycled) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yellow to orange found in plant products
deposits in keratinocytes (especially stratum corneum) and hypodermis
- can denature proteins causing aging related changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from capillary circulation, gives skin pinkish hue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood and skin of caucasians appears blue due to poorly oxygenated hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| accessory structures of skin |
|
Definition
1. hair and hair follicles
2. nails
3. sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| hair and hair follicles (structure and function) |
|
Definition
structure: hard keratin (durable, doesn't flake)
function: sense, guard head (physical trauma, heat loss, sun), shields eyes and filters particles from inhaled air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shape determines if hair is straight or curly
- round = straight
- oval = wavy
- flatter = kinky
3 parts:
- medulla: large cells separated by air spaces
-cortex: several layers of flattened keratinocytes, pigment
- cuticle: single layer of overlapping cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cuticle wearing away at tip allowing keratin fibrins in cortex and medulla to frizz out |
|
|
Term
| hair turning grey or white |
|
Definition
| decreased melanin production and replacement of melanin by air bubbles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shaft: projects from skin
root: embedded in skin (contained within hair follicle)
bulb: explanded deep end of follicle (has papilla and root hair plexus)
follicle: outer CT root sheath and inner epithelial root sheath; hair matrix
arrector pilli muscle: 1 per follicle, contract to pull hair up
sebaceous gland: holocrine glad that secretes sebum (oily- lubrication and waterproofing; bactericidal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oily fluid leaving sebaceous glad gets blocked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whitehead oxidizes when left for long and appears black |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| velus hair vs. terminal hair |
|
Definition
velus-- lacks medulla, finer; body hair of women and children
terminal hair-- on head and pubic region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| average rate of hair growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thinning of hair
follicles remaining dormant for long periods of time |
|
|
Term
| nails (structure and function) |
|
Definition
structure: hard keratin, scale like modification of epidermis
function: protection and useful tool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-merocrine: more common; palms, soles of feed, forehead; simple coiled tubular glnds with pore @ surface
- apocrine: axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas; larger, ducts empty into hair follicles; sweat also has fatty substances and proteins causing BO when decomposed by skin bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid w/ salts, hypotonic fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. protection: 3 types of barriers-- chemical (secretions and melanin), physical (barrier to trauma and bacterial invasion) and biological (Langerhands cells and macrophages)
2. excretion (some N containing wastes)
3. body temp (sweating 0.5-12 L of fluid/day, vasoconstriction)
4. cutaneous sensation
5. metabolic (production of vit D w/ sun exposure)
6. blood reservoir (5% of blood associated w/ skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dehydration and infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first: only epidermis
second: epidermis and upper dermis
third: entire thickness of skin, 10% of body with third degree very hard to recover (low potential for repair, can do skin graft but big concern for rejection) |
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