Term
| How many bones in the ankle/foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many large muscles in ankle/foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poor foot mechanics lead to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There's no substitute for adequate muscular development, strength, and what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The articular surface of the distal tibia is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distal tibia is shaped how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distal is shaped how in AP direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is distal tibia shaped in ML direction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bears 90%of ankle load? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral aspect of distal tibia articulates with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prominent projection on the inferior and medial aspect of the tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lateral surface of the medial malleolus articulates with the medial aspect of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of distal tibia that is non-weight bearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial malleolus acts as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tom, Dick, and Nervous Harry |
|
Definition
Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum
tibial Artery
tibial Nerve
flexor Hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| distal end of the tibia is rotated how in the transverse plane wrt proximal end of the tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal ranges of lateral (external) tibial torsion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral malleolus is located where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| orientated laterally and inferiorly of the distal fibula and allows some weight bearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral malleolus is the pulley for what? |
|
Definition
posterior tendons
-peroneus brevis
-peroneus longus |
|
|
Term
| what allows for considerable mobility of the foot and maintains stability for WB and abulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone that joins foot to the leg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trochlea of the talus is also called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trochlea is shaped how in the AP direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trochlea is shaped how in the ML direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which aspect of talus is slightly wider |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ridge of the talus is slightly wider? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what explains the motion of the ankle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Largest of the tarsal bones, sustains large impact forces at heel contact during gait |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| calcaneous provides a long moment arm for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| navicular bone has a concave posterior surface that is congruent with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| navicular has how many anterior facets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral surface of the navicular may be nonarticular or may have what/ |
|
Definition
| a small facet for articulation with the cuboid |
|
|
Term
| the posterior surface of this bone is slightly curved for saddle-shaped facet of calcaneus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many anterior facets of the cuboid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the medial facetof the cuboid is for articulation of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cuneiform bones are there and what do they form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which metatarsal is the shortest and thickest? |
|
Definition
| metatarsal of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| sesamoid bones at the head of the great toe provide what? |
|
Definition
| mechanical advantages for muwcles |
|
|
Term
| 5th metatarsal projects how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5th metatarsal provides attachment for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proximal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this joint is supported by synovial joint capsule, reinforced by anterior and posterior ligaments to the head of the fibula and functions with the distal tibiofibular joint |
|
Definition
| proximal tibiofibular joint |
|
|
Term
| this joint is a fibrous, syndesmosis joint |
|
Definition
| distal tibiofibular joint |
|
|
Term
| this joint is primarily supported by interosseous ligament |
|
Definition
| distal tibiofibular joint |
|
|
Term
| the secondary supports for the distal tibiofibular joint are |
|
Definition
-Anterior tibiofibular ligament
-Posterior tibiofibular ligament
-Interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| distal tibiofibular joint forms the what for the talus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| articulations between the talus and the tibia and fibular and is supported by synovial joint capsule and collateral ligaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral collateral ligaments of the talocrural joints |
|
Definition
-anterior tibiofibular
-posterior tibiofibular
-anterior talofibular
-posterior talofibular
-cacaneofibular (most common injured) |
|
|
Term
| Medial collateral ligaments of the talocrural joint |
|
Definition
-tibiospring
-tibionavicular
-posterior tibiotalar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ICR (center of rotation) moves how during plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion? |
|
Definition
Plantarflexion: Posteriorly
Dorsiflexion: Anteriorly
Inversion: Medially
Eversion: Laterally |
|
|
Term
| Ankle PF/DF is accompanied by what? |
|
Definition
Talar rotation
Fibular glide and rotaiont |
|
|
Term
| this axis of the talocrural joint runs medial to lateral and is oriented posterior and inferior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the oblique joint axis, when the foot rotates upward, also called pronation? |
|
Definition
ankle dorsiflexes
abducts
everts |
|
|
Term
| int he oblique joint axis, when the foot rotates downward also called supination |
|
Definition
ankle plantarflexes
adducts, and inverts |
|
|
Term
| During supination, the foot will have what in the arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During pronation, the foot will have what in the arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| articulation of the talus and calcaneus and acts to translate motion of the tibia to the foot or vise versa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the oblique axis of the subtalar joint has motions that consist of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inversion and eversion occurs at the Subtalar joint when ...? |
|
Definition
| if the STJ axis lies closer to the long axis of the foot |
|
|
Term
| abduction and adduction occurst at the subtalar joint when...? |
|
Definition
| if the STJ axis lies closer to long axis of the leg |
|
|
Term
| what are the transverse tarsal joints? |
|
Definition
talonavicular joint
calcaneocuboid joint |
|
|
Term
| what are the articulations of the talonavicular joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint and what are the articulations? |
|
Definition
-saddle joint
-articulation with calcaneus and cuboid |
|
|
Term
| what are the two axes of motion for the transvers tarsal joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Axis of the transverse tarsal joint that is similar to the STJ axis and contributes more to inversion and eversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| axis that contributes more to plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the transverse tarsal joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| articulation between navicular and cuneiform, cuboid and lateral cuneiform, and the cuneiform bones themselves |
|
Definition
| Distal intertarsal joints |
|
|
Term
| joints that have very limited movement in the foot and contributes to pronation and supination |
|
Definition
| distal intertarsal joints |
|
|
Term
| of the tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints, which is more mobile? |
|
Definition
| tarsometatarsal joint of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| joint that has primarily S plane of motion and is very limited F & T plane of motion |
|
Definition
| Tarsometatarsal joint of the great toe |
|
|
Term
| 2nd tarsometatarsal joint is more limited than which? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mobility increases in which tarsometatarsal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metatarsophalangeal joints ware what type of joints? |
|
Definition
| condyloid joints (bi-axial) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metatarsophalangeal joints |
|
|
Term
| Interphalangeal joints are what type of joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| provides stabilization to the plantar surface and helps maintain shape of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plantar fascia extends from calcaneal tuberosity to |
|
Definition
-the skin
-metatarsals
-phalanges
-intervening ligaments |
|
|
Term
| thick, deep portion of plantar fascia and is 2x as strong as strongest ligament of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strongest ligament of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plantar fascia rotates the calcaneus toward the ground and lowers the arch and stretches the aponeurosis during what movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plantar fascia pulls on distal end of aponeurosis creating tension during what movement/ |
|
Definition
| hyperextension of the toes |
|
|
Term
| the plantar fascia causes an individual to roll over the foot, results in hyperextension of toes and plantarflexion, aponeurosis is pulled taut, and stabilizes the foot as it bears the load of the body during what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this arch includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, medical cuneiform, and the 1st metatarsal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this arch includes the calcaneus, cuboid, and the 5th metatarsal |
|
Definition
| lateral longitudinal arch |
|
|
Term
| this arch includes the cuboid and cuneiforms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arches of the foot protects nerves, blood vessels, and muscle on what form compression during weight bearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absorbs shock during impact, stores and releases mechanical energy to improve effeciency of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dimished medial longitudinal arch..."flat foot" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormally high medial longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dorsiflexion
-Plantarflexion
-Eversion
-Inversion
-Pronation
-Supination |
|
|
Term
| Pronation of the foot is a combination of? |
|
Definition
ankle dorsiflexion
subtalar eversion
forefoot abduction (toe-out) |
|
|
Term
| Supination of the foot is a combo of? |
|
Definition
ankle plantarflexion
subtalar inversion
forefoot adduction (toe-in) |
|
|
Term
| how many muscle compartments of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 compartments of the leg and what they do |
|
Definition
Anterior compartment - dorsiflexors
Lateral compartment - evertors
Superficial posterior compartment -plantarflexors
Deep posterior compartment - plantarflexors & invertors (tom, dick and harry) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Gastroc
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Flexor Hallucis longus
-Peroneus (fibularis) longus
-Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
-Plantaris
-Soleus
-Tibialis Posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tibialis anterior
-peroneus (fibularis) tertius
-extensor digitorum longus
-extensor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-peroneus (fibularis) longus
-peroneus (fibularis) brevis
-peroneus (fibularis) tertius
-extensor digitorum longs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tibialis anterior
-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| Anterior compartment of leg |
|
Definition
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius |
|
|
Term
| Lateral compartment of leg |
|
Definition
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis |
|
|
Term
| Deep posterior compartment of leg |
|
Definition
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior |
|
|
Term
| Superficial posterior compartment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius originate where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary function of gastroc |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| along with plantarflexion, helps with knee flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary function of soleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Peroneus longus (fibularis) muscle |
|
Definition
Foot eversion
Forefoot abduction |
|
|
Term
| along with foot eversion and forefoot abduction, also assists with ankle plantarflexion |
|
Definition
| Peroneus longus (fibularis) muscle |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Peroneus Brevis (fibularis) muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Along with foot eversion, also assists with ankle plantarflexion |
|
Definition
| Pernoeus brevis (fibularis) muscle |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Peroneus Tertius (fibularis) muscle |
|
Definition
Ankle dorsifleion
Foot eversion |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Extensor digitorum longus muscle |
|
Definition
-Extension of 4 lesser toes at MTP, PIP, DIP
-Foot eversion |
|
|
Term
| Along with extension of 4 lesser toes at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints, and foot eversion, also involved with ankle dorsiflexion |
|
Definition
| Extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Extensor Hallucis longus |
|
Definition
-Extension of great toe at MTP, and IP joints
-Forefoot adduction |
|
|
Term
| along with extension of great toe at MTP, and IP joints and forefoot adduction, assists with ankle dorsiflexion, and weak foot inversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Tibialis anterior muscle |
|
Definition
ankle dorsiflexion
foot inversion |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Tibialis posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| along with foot eversion, assists with ankle plantarflexion |
|
Definition
| Tibialis posterior muscle |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Flexor digitorum longus muscle |
|
Definition
| Flexion of 4 lesser toes at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints |
|
|
Term
| along with flexion of 4 lesser toes, also assists with ankle plantarflexion and foot inversion |
|
Definition
| flexor digitorum longus muscle |
|
|
Term
| Primary function of Flexor Hallucis longus |
|
Definition
-Flexion of great toe at MTP, and IP joints
-forefoot adduction |
|
|
Term
| along with flexion of great toe and forefoot adduction, assists with ankle plantarflexion and foot inversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ankle dorsal Flexion muscles: |
|
Definition
PRIMARY:
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
SECONDARY:
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gastroc
soleus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
plantaris |
|
|
Term
| transverse tarsal & subtalar inversion |
|
Definition
-tibialis anterior
-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| Transverse tarsal & subtalar eversion |
|
Definition
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Peroneus longus
-Peroneus brevis
-Peroneus tertius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-flexor hallucis longus
-flexor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
| 4 plantar compartments of the intrinsic muscles of the foot |
|
Definition
-Superficial layer
-2nd layer
-3rd layer
-Deep layer |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic muscles divided into which 5 areas |
|
Definition
4 plantar compartments
dorsal layer |
|
|
Term
| Superficial layer of intrinsic muscles include what? |
|
Definition
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi |
|
|
Term
| Second layer of intrinsic muscle include what? |
|
Definition
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricales (4) |
|
|
Term
| Third layer of intrinsic muscle include what? |
|
Definition
Flexor hallicus brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
|
|
Term
| Deep layer of intrinsic muscles of the foot include? |
|
Definition
Plantar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4) |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal layer of the intrinsic muscles include? |
|
Definition
| Extensor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
| 4 muscles that act on the great toe |
|
Definition
Abductor hallucis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
| Function of abductor hallucis |
|
Definition
-abduction of great toe
-assist flexor hallucis brevis in flexing great toe at MTP joint |
|
|
Term
| Function of adductor hallucis |
|
Definition
| adduction & flexion of MTP joint of great toe |
|
|
Term
| Function of flexor hallucis brevis |
|
Definition
| flexion of MTP joint of great toe |
|
|
Term
| Function of extensor digitorum brevis |
|
Definition
-extension of great toe at MTP joint
-extension of MTP, PIP, & DIP joints of 3 medial lesser toes |
|
|
Term
| Function of the 4 lumbricales of the foot |
|
Definition
| flexion of the lesser toes at MTP joints |
|
|
Term
| Function of the 3 plantar interossei |
|
Definition
| Adduction fo the MTP joints of 3 lateral lesser toes |
|
|
Term
| Function of the 4 dorsal interossei |
|
Definition
-Adduction of the MTP joint of 2nd toe
-Abduction of the MTP joints of the lesser toes
-Flexion of MTP joints of the lesser 4 toes
-Extension of the DIP & PIP joints of the lesser 4 toes |
|
|
Term
| Function of the Quadratus Plantae |
|
Definition
| flexion of the DIP joints of the lesser toes |
|
|
Term
| Function of the flexor digitorum brevis |
|
Definition
| flexion of the MTP and PIP joints of the lesser toes |
|
|
Term
| Which two muscles act ONLY on the pink toe |
|
Definition
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digit minimi brevis |
|
|
Term
| Function of the Abductor digiti minimi |
|
Definition
| Abduction and flexion of the MTP joint of the little toe |
|
|
Term
| Function of the flexor digiti minimi brevis |
|
Definition
| flexion of the MTP joint of the little toe |
|
|
