Sponges. No true tissues or symmetry.

Have spicules and choanocytes (collar cells) that move water and filter food.

Asexual reproduction by budding.

All animals except sponges and placazoans.

Have true tissue layers, symmetry, gut, and special cell junctions.

Phylums Ctenophora and Cnidaria.

Diploblastic animals.

Have mesoglea between cell layers.

Have complete gut.

Many are hermaphroditic.

Classes Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa.

Have cnidocytes, an incomplete gut.

Polyp and medusa stages.

Nerve nets and epithelial cells with muscle fibers.

A.K.A Jellyfish.

Are either male or female.

Tripoblastic Animals (3 embryonic cell layers).

Bilateral Symmetry.

Protostomes and Deuterostomes

Lophotrocozoans and Ecydsozoans.

1st blastophore becomes the mouth.

Phylums Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Arthropoda.

Typical larvae is trochophore larvae.

Classes Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda.

Flatworms.

Acoelomate, incomplete gut.

Have simple organs (flame cells) for excretion.

Rotifers

Pseudocoelomates

Complete gut

Coelomate

Closed circulatory system

Complete gut

Phronids

Coelomate

Small marine worms

Closed circulatory system

Coelomate

Resemble bivalve mollusks

Open circulatory system

Polychaetes, Clitellates (oligiochaetes and hirudinea)

Annelids

Coelomate

Segmented, coelom in each segment separated from the other segement.

Circulatory system can be open or closed.

Mostly marine

Pogonophorans- polychaetes that lost their digestive tract, live near hydrothermal vents.

Oligiochaetes- (earthworms) lack eyes, have closed circulatory systems, and are hermaphroditic.

Hirudinea- (leeches) have suckers and secrete hirudin.

Classes Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda.

Mollusks

Have reduced coelom.

Foot, visceral mass, and mantle.

Have open circulatory system.

Cephalopods have a hemocoel.

Clams, oysters, scallops, mussels.

Have siphon for scraping algae.

Squids, octopuses, and nautiluses.

Closed circulatory system.

Classes Asteroidia, Ophuroidia, Echinoidia, Holothuroidia, and Crinoida.

Bilaterally symmetrical larvae.

Water Vascular system.

Some are filter feeders.

Some use tube feet to capture prey.

Have exoskeleton, worms have cuticle.

Phylums Arthropoda and Nematoda

Round worms.

Some are parasitic.

Can get long but must stay small in diameter.

Chelicerates, Arachnids, Crustaceans, Myriapods, and Hexapods.

Coelomate (hemocoel)

Open circulatory system, segmentation, hard exoskeleton, and specialized appendages.

Dominant animals on earth.

Larvae is naupilus.

Horseshoe crabs, class arachnids.

Head and trunk.

Dominant marine animals.

Head, thorax, and abdomen.

Decapods- shrimp and lobsters

Isopods- krill

Copepods- barnacles

Myriapods- Classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda

Dominant terrestrial animals.

Head, thorax, abdomen.

Complete or incomplete metamorphosis.

Unique- gas exchange- spiracles to tracheae.

Wingless or Winged (can't fold wings OR can fold wings and incomplete metamorphosis OR can fold winds and complete metamorphosis OR have wings and can't fly)

Sea urchins and sand dollars.

Lack arms and covered with spines.

Sea cucumbers

Cephalochordates- lancelets

Are very small.

Vertebrates

Superclass Agnatha

Classes Chrondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.

Jawless fishes

Hagfishes- cartilaginous

Lampreys- cartilaginous, many parasitic

Ray-finned fishes- bony fishes

Class Reptilia and Aves

Skin impermeable to water, kidneys excrete concentrated urine, amniotic egg.

Secondarily flightless or weak flyers

Tinamou, rhea, emu, kiwi, cassowary, ostrich