Term
| When were animals domesticated to produce milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened between 1600-1850 in regards to milking? |
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Definition
| Darying was limited, urbans had no milk, no food safety |
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Term
| What breakthroughs in technology made milk better and when? |
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Definition
| 1850-1930: ice harvesting, refrigeration, pasteurization, glass milk bottles, laws developed to regulate quality |
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Term
| What advancements have been happening today to make milk products better? |
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Definition
| Artificial insemination, freezing bull semen, embryo transfer, recombinant bacteria, record keeping, and change of breed |
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Term
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Definition
| Ice cream, pudding, lactose, cream, milk powder, whey protein |
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Term
| What are the dairy breeds? |
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Definition
HJGBAK
MMKDC
Holsteins, Jersey, Guernsey, brown swiss, ayrshire, kerry
Milking devon, milking shorthorn, norwegian red, dutch belted, canadienne |
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Term
| How many lbs of milk/what percent butterfat do Holsteins produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many lbs of milk/what percent butterfat do Jerseys produce? |
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Definition
16,000 lbs/year
4.35% butterfat
fit for grazing operation |
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Term
| How many lbs of milk/what percent butterfat do Jerseys produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What number is FL in dairy cow production? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are the world leaders in number of dairy cows and milk per cow (lbs)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is US's ranking in terms of number of dairy cows and milk per cows (lbs) |
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Definition
4th in number of dairy cows
2nd in milk per cows (lbs) |
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Term
| What is US ranking in total milk production? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is top dairy cow producer in US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the trend in number of animals? |
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Definition
| DECREASING by 31.3% since 1967 |
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Term
| What is the trend in milk production? |
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Definition
| INCREASING 163.3% since 1967 |
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Term
| What is the trend in the number of farms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the types of parlors? |
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Definition
Side opening, rotary parlor, and herringbone
Side opening- cows stand parallel, 4-8/operator, more walking distance between cows, cows enter and exit individually
Rotary parlor- slowly rotating platform, cows enter and can be arranged however, large number of cows/small space
Herringbone- design is double X, cows enter and leave in groups, stand at angle |
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Term
| What are the types of dairy operations? |
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Definition
Grazing, combination, free stall
Grazing- forage-based, low milk production due to lower energy intake, less feed and waste management costs, mostly used in organic producers, not good in FL, low infrastructure costs
Combination- pasture plus concentrate in milking parlor, cows maintained outdoors in pasture areas, fed concentrates when milked, small herds, labor intensive, low waste controls, low infrastructure costs
Free stall- common for large herds, cows move freely in barn, waste can be scraped and hauled, must change bedding routinely, cows moved to milking parlor, bedding can harbor pathogens |
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Term
| What are the milking curve stages? |
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Definition
Stage 1- peak lactation: most important stage of production, 1 pound increase in production = 1 pound increase in production
Stage 2 (mid lactation)- production decreases 7%/month, average production should be 80% of stage 1
Stage 3: tail enders- production decreases 7-10%/month, average production is 75% that of stage 2 |
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Term
| What is mastitis and how can you prevent it? |
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Definition
Inflammatory infection caused by MO's (bacteria, yeast, algae)
Monitor clinical and subclinical mastitis through somatic cell count
To prevent: clean/dry udders, proper milking procedures |
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Term
| What are the classes of milk? |
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Definition
| Grade A, classes 1-III, grade B |
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Term
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Definition
produced under defined standards, acceptable for fluid use, standards for temp, bacterial count, somatic cell count, chemical and antibiotics
dairy farm inspections
class of grade A milk determines price |
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Term
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Definition
| whole, 2%, low fat, half and half, buttermilk |
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Term
| What makes class II milk? |
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Definition
| used to make cottage cheese, ice cream, sour cream, yogurt |
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Term
| What makes class III milk? |
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Definition
| used to make butter, cheese, and condensed and evaporated milk |
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Term
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Definition
Requirements not as strict as grade A
Used to make dairy pdts but not fluid milk
If producer can't make standards, milk not accepted by processing plant |
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Term
| What are some reasons to cull cows? |
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Definition
| Low milk production, repro issues, mastitis, other diseases, teat/udder injury, accident of injury, feet and leg probs, poor temperament |
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Term
| What was horse used for before WWI? |
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Definition
crucial to warfare, in battle lightweight horses for running, medium for carrying armor, before steamengine- fastest most reliable transportation
pony express |
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Term
| Why have horses decreased in numbers since 1981? |
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Definition
| Increase in mechanized military, use of combustion engine, economy, closure of horse slaughter facilities? cost of owning a horse today |
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Term
| Why was horse slaughter closed down? |
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Definition
2003- ban on sale, transportation, and slaughter of horse for human consumption
2006- federal bill
2007- all slaughterhouses closed
Not legal today
Horses are an amenable species |
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Term
| What breed organizations are most common today? |
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Definition
QH 3.3 mill
TB 1.3 mill
Arabian 100,000
other 4.7 mill |
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Term
| What is FL in terms of number of horses in USA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is #1 and 2 of horses in USA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are horses used for today? |
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Definition
45.7% pleasure
1.4 lessons
9.6 shows
15.9 breeding
1.4 racing
24.8 farm/ranch work
1.2 other |
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Term
| What are the government agencies in horse industry? |
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Definition
AHIS- american health info services
NAHMS- national animal health monitoring system
USDA- US dept of ag
APHIS- animal plant health and inspection service
FDA- food and drug admin |
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Term
| What are the state agencies in horse industry? |
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Definition
State horse council advisory committee- affiliated with american horse council
Equine Committee of the Farm Bureau- policies and role of horse in overall concept of ag |
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Term
| How do you control wild horse population? |
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Definition
Roundups- taking horses and putting them into adoption programs
infertility vaccines |
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Term
| Normal temperature of horse? |
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Definition
100 F or 38 C
Varies 99.5-101.5 |
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Term
| Normal respiration rate of horse? |
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Definition
| 8-16 respirations per min |
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Term
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Definition
Horse can only breed with each stride-
inspiration- limbs are airborne
expiration- when forelimbs hit ground |
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Term
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Definition
Body conditioning score
1-9
ideal is 5-6
Accumulation of fat pockets |
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