Term
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Definition
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Term
| Maximum size of an organism that can rely on diffusion alone? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what size must an organism rely on circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What variable(s) in Fick's Law corresponds to pure diffusion through surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What variable(s) in Fick's Law corresponds to invaginations in respiratory surface? |
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Definition
| x (membrane thickness) and A (cross-sectional area of membrane) |
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Term
| What variable(s) in Fick's Law corresponds to active convection of air? |
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Definition
| dNs (concentration gradient of oxygen) |
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Term
| Diffusion is adequate for organisms with BLANK mm thickness |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffusion is effective in organisms with what 3 characteristics? |
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Definition
| Large surface, very low thickness and a sedentary lifestyle |
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Term
| Insect trachea are a pathway for... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Entrances to the trachea in insects |
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Term
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Definition
| Control air flow, regulate water loss and keep out dust |
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Term
| Which organism has the highest metabolic rate of any known tissue and why? |
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Definition
| Insects due to effective tracheal system |
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Term
| Does O2 move faster through water or air? |
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Definition
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Term
| How close are tracheoles to each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mode of transport does the insect trachea system use? |
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Definition
| Ventilation and diffusion OR diffusion alone |
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Term
| In the insect trachea system BLANK is used more rapidly than BLANK is produced |
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Definition
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Term
| BLANK is stored in insect tissues during respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs during the open phase of insect ventilation? |
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Definition
| CO2 is expelled and water is lost |
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Term
| When tissues are at rest, what happens to the tracheoles in an insect? |
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Definition
| Filled with fluid to reduce gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| Edges of bubble can move and thus the area can decrease as volume decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| Can resist hydrostatic pressure and thus the partial pressure of O2 can remain below that of surrounding H2O |
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Term
| Which gas is predominately exchanged across frog skin? |
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Definition
| CO2 (Most organisms exchange more CO2 than O2 across the skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in thoracic volume which decreases pressure so air can rush in |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in pressure so air rushes out |
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Term
| Humans have what kind of convection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds use what kind of convection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds thoracic cavity (does/does not) change significantly during respiration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Empty air sacs, fill lungs (2 cycles) |
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Term
| What type of organism has tube-shaped lungs with little invagination? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amphibians breathe via (+/-) pressure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fill buccal cavity by swallowing air when glottis is closed, then open glottis |
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Term
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Definition
| Buccal cavity compresses, glottis closes and nares open |
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Term
| Ratio of respiration to hops in kangaroos |
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Definition
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Term
| Ratio of wing flapping to respiration in birds |
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Definition
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Term
| Ratio of wing flapping to respiration in bats |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Obligate anaerobes that must continually swim to pass water over gills |
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Term
| Which has a higher diffusion coefficient for O2 and CO2, water or air? |
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Definition
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Term
| A larger diffusion coefficient means that diffusion will occur (faster/slower) |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of convection occurs in fish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's so special about lamprey respiration? |
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Definition
| Lampreys have tidal flow rather than unidirectional like other aquatic organisms |
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Term
| What occurs during the first phase of teleost fish breathing? |
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Definition
| (Suction phase) Buccal cavity and opercular cavity expand so water flows through both |
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Term
| What occurs during the second phase of teleost fish breathing? |
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Definition
| (Force phase) Oral cavity closes and both the oral and opercular cavities compress forcing water to exit |
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Term
| Fish generally have (larger/smaller) respiratory surfaces than mammals of similar weight |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds have the (largest/smallest) respiratory surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Skin, respiratory organ, circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Circulation and respiration through organs |
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Term
| What drives O2 into mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Diffusion via a pressure gradient |
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Term
| How many O2 molecules can Hb bind? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which has a higher affinity for O2, Mb or Hb? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mb saturates at (higher/lower) partial pressure of O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| How can oxygen respiration curves vary and what do they represent? |
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Definition
| In shape (reflective of different respiratory pigments) and in height (reflective of how much respiratory pigment is present/unit of blood AKA oxygen carrying capacity) |
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