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| food was to replace loss of water from skin and loss of heat |
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Father of medicine
Loss of weight during fasting is due to "insensible perspiration" from the skin and loss of heat |
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| No animal (whether of land or air) can live in an atmosphere which could not support a flame |
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Father of modern chemistry
Law of conservation of mass
named oxygen
also, the father of nutrition |
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| theorized 5th nutrient group |
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| Isolated vital amines, Vitamins |
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Sythesizes complex organic molecules through photosynthesis (carbon dioxide plus water gives you sugar and oxygen)
Known as self feeders, the higher plants |
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Must consume complex organic molecules
Molecules used through combustion (sugar plus oxygen gives you carbon dioxide, water, atp and heat)
Includes animals, fungi, and most bacteria |
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| Catabolism and Anabolism combined |
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| The building of body tissue |
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| the breaking down of body tissue |
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Definition
Highly selective, flexible, and muscular.
Runs from mouth to anus |
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| Functions of the Digestive Tract |
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Definition
storage
prepare for absorption
absorption
reject undigested residue
fermentation in ruminants and hind gut fermentors |
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Definition
Shorter, less volume
minimal compartments
fast rate of passage
brief storage |
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Larger, more volume
stomach or hindgut compartmentalizing
slow passage means longer retention |
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Definition
Prehension (take it in)
Masticate (chew)
Deglutition (swallow)
Regurgitation (rumination, birds, etc.) |
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aids in bolus formation
Lubrication and moisture
Bactericidal Lysosomes
Buffer (bicarb) |
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Parotid (watery)
Sublingual (mucin)
Submaxillary (mucin) |
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Motion: Peristalsis/reverse peristalsis
muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach |
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| At the end of the esophagus before the stomach. Keeps food from coming back up. Most grazing rums dont have. |
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Storage
Mixing into chyme
empties at a controlled rate
Chem and Enzyme dig (HCl, Pepsin, rennin)
Bacteriostat (pH~2) |
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controls entrance into the SI
Reactive to pH, lets a small amount in at a time in order to neutralize the chyme |
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| Stimuli for gastric secretion |
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smell/taste/thought of food
gastrin
acetylcholine
histamine
protein |
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| inhibitors for gastric secretions |
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Definition
acid
antihistamine
cck
over the counter products
osmotic pressure |
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Located on left side of body
rumen is the site of the symbiotic microbial fermentation
cellulose digestion. Nutrients are a byproduct of the microbes digestion of cellulose
Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum |
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Definition
tube for digestion and absorption
main site for enzymatic digestion
Duodenum (receives secretions)
Jejunum (digestion)
Ileum (absorption)
Segmented Motion |
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Definition
Cecum, blind gut
absorbs h20 and electrolytes
storage of feces, bacterial action |
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Definition
Secretion stimulated by nerves and acids
secretin released from s-cells
secretin travels to the pancreas through the blood
Pancreas releases bicarb
secretes (enzymmes and bicarb exo and insulin and glucagon endo) |
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Continuous bile secretion
Fat in chyme causes release of cck-- goes to gall bladder |
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| broken down red blood cells, gives yellow color to bile |
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Pigment (from bilirubin)
Cholesterol (more common) |
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