Term
| Approximately for how many years have goats been domesticated? |
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Definition
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Term
What country has the most goats in the world?
What country has the most goats in Europe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approximate size of the UK goat population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the reasons for keeping goats in the UK? |
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Definition
| Commercial milking, hobby milking, showing, pets, (fibre and meat) |
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Term
| How much money could you expect a cut of goat meat to bring? |
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Definition
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Term
A goat with severe depression comes to you- he is not eating, and seems 'out of sorts'. He has recently been purchased from a breeder at the age of about a year.
What is likely to be wrong with the goat? |
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Definition
| Goats suffer from seperation anxiety, and seem to become attached to litter mates, owners, and other cohorts. |
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Term
| At what age do goats reach puberty? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is a goat's oestrus cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the gestation of a goat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the oestrone sulphate test used for? |
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Definition
| It reliably detects pregnancy using the milk if the goat is more than 50days pregnant. |
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Term
| What is 'cloudburst', and what are the signs? |
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Definition
Hydrometra/false pregnancy
Abdominal enlargement, udder development, labour, but only liquid produced. |
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Term
| What are the regulations in disbudding goats? |
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Definition
| Goats must be disbudded by a veterinary surgeon no later than 10 days old (preferably 2-3) |
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Term
True or false?
Pet goats don't need to be registered with DEFRA unless you have more than 3 of them. |
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Definition
| FALSE- ALL goats must be registered because they are all susceptible to notifiable diseases and therefore need to be traced. They must all have a holding number and individual ear tag number. |
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Term
| Give 3 of the conditions needed for goat housing. |
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Definition
1. Well ventilated
2. Plenty of natural light
3. Minimum of 1.75sq m / goat
4. A dry bed to lie down
5. Access to good food and water
6. Shelter- they don't like getting wet!
7. Goat proof- fences must be at least 1.5 m high, no electrical cables, a heavy gate with double gate catches. |
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Term
True or false?
It is recommended to tether goats. |
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Definition
| FALSE- Tethering should be discouraged because they are accessible to predators, may not be able to reach food and water, and may not be able to reach shelter. However, it is not illegal to tether goats as long as these needs are seen to. |
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Term
| Why is conventional condition scoring not recommended in goats? |
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Definition
| They lay down fat in their stomachs, not on their back. It is better to condition score a goat at the sternum. |
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Term
| What is the normal body weight for an adult dairy male and female goat? |
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Definition
Female- 50-105kg
Male- 75-120kg |
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Term
| Name two plants that are poisonous to goats |
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Definition
| Yew and rhododendron family (pieris) |
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Term
| How many teats do goats have? |
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Definition
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Term
How much is the goat milk industry worth?
a) £32,000 per annum
b) £32.3 million per annum
c) £32.3 billion per annum
d) £3,200,000 per annum |
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Definition
| B- £32.3 million per annum! Goat milk is worth twice as much as cow milk |
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Term
| Why might you wrongly suspect a goat has sub-clinical mastitis after doing the californian mastitis test or a somatic cell count? |
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Definition
| Goats have much higher amounts of cells in their udder than cattle- counts of 1,000,000 are common in a healthy udder, but cows fail with more than 200,000 cells/ml |
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Term
| What is the difference between milk secretion in goats and cattle? |
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Definition
Goats secrete by apocrine secretion (bits of cell leave with the vesicles).
Cattle secrete by merocrine (happens by exocytosis of vesicles) secretion. |
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Term
| What is the temperature range of a healthy goat? |
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Definition
| 38.6-40.6 degrees centigrade |
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Term
| What is the respiratory rate of a healthy adult goat? |
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Definition
| 15-30 bpm. Kids can be a little faster than this (up to 40bpm) |
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Term
| Wh th heart/pulse rate of a healthy goat? |
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Definition
| 60-95bpm (lots of variability) |
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Term
True or false?
Goats don't build up immunity to worms. |
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Definition
| TRUE- goats must be wormed for their lifetime. |
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Term
True or false?
Goats are particularly susceptible to tetanus |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
Goats are immune to enterotoxaemia |
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Definition
| FALSE- they are VERY susceptible to it! |
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Term
| Approximately how long ago were sheep first domesticated? |
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Definition
| 11,000 years (remains found between Palestine and Turkey dating from 9000 BC) |
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Term
True of false?
The UK has the most sheep in the EU. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
True or false?
A 'tup' is the name for a castrated adult male. |
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Definition
| FALSE- a tup, along with ram, is an entire male. |
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Term
| What is a 'hogg' or 'hoggett'? |
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Definition
| A lamb that has been weaned but has not yet been sheared. |
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Term
| A sheep that has been sheared just once is called a what? |
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Definition
| Yearing, yearling or two-toothed. |
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Term
| A sheep that is between its second and third shearing is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a ewe is not pregnant, what is she called? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age do sheep get four incisors? |
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Definition
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Term
| How old is a sheep with two incisors. |
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Definition
| 1 year 3 months- 1 year 9 months |
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Term
| My sheep is 2 years and 5 months old. How many incisors should it have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How old is a sheep that has eight incisors? |
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Definition
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Term
| A scottish blackface is an example of what type of sheep? |
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Definition
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Term
What breed is this sheep? What type is it?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Swaledale, a hill breed. |
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Term
What breed is this sheep? What type is it?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a suffolk, which is a terminal sire breed. |
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Term
What breed of sheep is this? What type is it?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Texel, a terminal sire breed. |
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Term
What breed of sheep is this? What type is it?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Blue-faced Leicester, which is a Longwool breed. |
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Term
What breed is this sheep? What type is it?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Border Leicester, a longwool sheep. |
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Term
What breed is this sheep? What type is it?
[image] |
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Definition
| This sheep is a Charollais. It is a terminal sire breed. |
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Term
What breed is this sheep?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Lleyn, a self-contained breed. |
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Term
What breed and breed type are these sheep? What do you cross to get them?
[image] |
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Definition
| They are North England Mules, a commercial lowland flock type. You cross a Swaledale with a Blue-faced Leicester. |
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Term
What breed and breed-type is this sheep?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Dorset Horn, a self-contained breed. |
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Term
What breed are these sheep? What must you cross to get them?
[image] |
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Definition
| They are Scotch Mules. To get them you cross a Scottish Blackface with a Blue-faced Leicester |
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Term
What breed is this? What do I breed to get one?
[image] |
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Definition
| It is a Masham. I must breed a Swaledale OR a Dalesbred with a Teeswater. |
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Term
What are the characteristics of a terminal sire breed such as the Suffolk?
What are they normally used for? |
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Definition
| Good growth rate and carcass quality. They are normally bred with lowland flocks to produce fat lambs for slaughter. |
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Term
| What will the output from an upland flock be? |
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Definition
Mule gimmer lambs for breeding
Mule wether lambs as stores
Wool |
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Term
| Why is the Lleyn sheep becoming more popular in the UK? |
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Definition
| It is an 'easycare' breed (lambs outdoors with few problems in April/May, happy to forage for food, prolific ewes, some resistance to worms, some resistance to lameness, don't require shearing) |
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Term
| Approximately what percentage of lambs will be lost between scanning and birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of lambs die between birth and turning out? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the rules governing sheep ear tagging in the UK? |
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Definition
- All animals not slaughtered within a year of birth must be tagged and electronically identified (EID) using a bolus in the rumen or a special ear tag.
- The ear tag must have the farm (CPH) number and the flock number.
- Breeding sheep born after 2005 must also have an individual number.
- They must be tagged from either 6 or 9 months old, or when they are moved off the holding FOR ANY REASON.
- The tag should be applied in the left ear using appropriate applicators, avoiding blood vessels and cartilage, with the 'female' part of the tag on the inside of the ear. It should be done in cool, dry weather. |
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Term
| Name 5 things that sheep might be fed. |
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Definition
Grass
Hay
Silage
Haylage
Straw
Cereals
Roots
Sugar beet |
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Term
True or false.
Sheep are seasonally polyoestrus. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long is the sheep oestrus cycle? |
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Definition
| 16-17 days (made up of follicular phase of 3-4 days and luteal phase of 13 days) |
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Term
| How long is sheep gestation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
True or false?
A good ratio of rams to ewes is 1:100 |
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Definition
FALSE
The ratio should be about 1:50 (variable due to age of ram, terrain etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| A harness attached to the ram with coloured crayon to indicate which ewes have been mated. The crayon colour should be changed every 17 days. |
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Term
| What do melatonin implants do? |
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Definition
| They mimic the change in day length, kickstarting reproductive systems at any time of year. The implant is placed in the ear. The ewes must be isolated from males for at least a week before the implant. |
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Term
| What 4 breeding management systems are there? |
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Definition
| Regulin, progesterone-soaked sponges, laproscopic AI, teaser rams. |
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Term
| What are 6 of the things that a flock health plan should include? |
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Definition
- Basic farm information- contacts etc
- Details of who is responsible for which sheep.
- Flock information such as the ratio of rams to ewes and culling policies
- Production figures from previous years
- Production targets for the future
- Annual calendar with health and management events (annual worming etc)
- Condition scores for groups of ewes at different times of the year
- Nutrition advice
- Standard lambing procedures
- Parasite control details (egg counts, wormer used etc)
- Vaccination details for each sheep
- Flock security (procedures to prevent infections being brought in)
- Lameness control details |
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Term
| What does Eimera spp. cause in sheep (coccidiosis)? What is a risk factor? |
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Definition
| Bloody scours in young sheep between 5 weeks and 3 months old. Particularly if lambs kept with older sheep or heavily stocked. |
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Term
| Give 3 ways of reducing parasite resistance in sheep (SCOPS)? |
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Definition
- Check faecal egg counts to see if need to dose
- Test for resistance to the drug you use first
- Administer correct dose
- Reduce use of anthelmintics if possible
- Select most appropriate anthelmintic drench for the job
- Preserve susceptible worms |
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Term
| What does the mite Psoroptes Ovis cause? |
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Definition
| Sheep scab- scratching and weight loss in over-wintered sheep (mostly) |
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Term
| Describe the process of fly strike. |
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Definition
| Flies (black blowflies, bluebottles, greenbottles) are attracted by smell of soiled fleece. They lay eggs, and the hatched maggots lacerate the skin, which attracts more flies. There is a high chance of secondary infection and death is common. |
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Term
| Give 2 risk factors for fly strike. |
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Definition
Time of year- between June and September.
Long fleeces, as harder to keep clean.
Wounds
Foot rot |
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Term
| What do Covexin and Heptavac vaccinate against? What is the course? |
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Definition
| Clostridial infections. 2 doses 4-6 weeks apart, followed by an annual booster each year for every sheep. |
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Term
| What does Clamydophila do? How can it be prevented? |
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Definition
Causes abortion due to EAE by infecting and killing the placenta.
It can live in bedding for 6 weeks after being shed in vaginal discharge of an infected ewe, so make sure to clean out all beds before moving a new ewe in. It can be vaccinated against. |
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Term
| 28% of VLA abortion figures are caused by what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How can a ewe be infected with Campylobacter? |
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Definition
| Contaminated feed and water, directly from aborted foetuses, birth fluids, or placenta. |
|
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Term
| Give 3 methods of abortion control. |
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Definition
- Isolate all aborting ewes immediately
- Record the aborted ewes
- Send samples to the lab to get a diagnosis
- Remove and burn all foetuses and cleansings
- Vaccinate |
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Term
| What is the cost of lameness to the sheep industry per annum? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which bacteria causes scald (interdigital dermititis)? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do you treat foot rot? |
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Definition
Long lasting antibiotic injection
Apply antibiotic spray to area
Isolate sheep if possible
Do not foot trim |
|
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Term
| What does CODD stand for? |
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Definition
| Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis |
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Term
True or false?
Ewes become resistant to campylobacter after infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give two causes of lameness that aren't infectious and therefore aren't a risk to the whole flock. |
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Definition
| Abscesses, white line lesions, Shelly hoof, granulomas, musculoskeletal problems |
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Term
| What two footbaths can be used in the treatment of footrot? |
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Definition
| 3% Formalin (walk through) or 10% zinc sulphate (stand in for >10mins |
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Term
| What is the definition of an 'open' flock? |
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Definition
| Sheep are bought in from one or more other farms (most UK farms due to stratification). |
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Term
True or false?
Bluetongue is a notifiable disease |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of bluetongue? |
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Definition
| Fever, depression, facial swelling, panting, nasal discharge. Oral ulcerations, salivation. A blue tongue that is swollen. Lameness due to inflammation of coronary band. |
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Term
| Which three strains of bluetongue are we most at risk of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What notifiable disease will probably show pyrexia and lesions inside the mouth and around the top of the hoof? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 5 year old sheep is brought to you. She has been behaving 'oddly', and this has degenerated slowly over the last few weeks. She seems incoordinated, moving around in circles a lot and falling over/bumping into things. She has lost condition to a score of just 1, and seems to be very itchy (there are bare patches and scrapes where she has continuously rubbed the same spot. What disease could you suspect this sheep has? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the probable agent in TSE? |
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Definition
| Altered host protein PrP (proteinase-resistant protein). |
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