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Animal Growth
ANEQ 230 2011
30
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
12/10/2011

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Term
454 grams=
Definition
1 pound
Term
bone, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
Definition
tissues of greatest importance in growth and development
Term
growth gradient
Definition
starts at fore/hind limbs, moves up from bottom, forward from rump and back from withers to meet in the middle
Term
muscle grows most, then fat, bone barely grows
Definition
postnatal growth graph
Term
cells increase in size
Definition
hypertrophy
Term
cells increase in number
Definition
hyperplasia
Term
growth from addition of material between cells
Definition
accretion
Term
metabolic actions unrelated to growth(GH)
Definition
1. increase lypolysis(fatty acid in blood)
2. conserve glucose
Term
hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Definition
growth promoting actions on soft (GH)
Term
growth promoting actions on bones(GH)
Definition
1. stimulate poliferation of epiphyseal cartilage
2. stimulate osteoblast activity
Term
at peuberty, epiphyseal plate is ossified by action of
Definition
sex hormones
Term
epiphysis
Definition
ends/joints of bones, filled with red bone marrow
Term
middle section of bones, made of cortical bone and contains marrow and adipose tissue
Definition
diaphysis
Term
type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing mineral matrix(bone reabsorption for space for marrow)
Definition
osteoclast
Term
mononucleate cell responsible for bone formation(bone thickness)
Definition
osteoblast
Term
cartilage cell
Definition
chondrocyte
Term
insulin like growth factor
Definition
IGF1 and IGF2
Term
IGF1
Definition
mostly from liver, may act through paracrine action, dependent on nutrition and age factors
Term
IGF2
Definition
independent of GH, important in fetal development, involved in muscle growth?
Term
intra-abdominal fat
Definition
visceral fat: mesenteric, caul, perireal, and leaf fats
Term
fat deposited in double layer of peritoneum
Definition
mesenteric fat
Term
fatty membrane the surrounds the internal organs
Definition
caul fat
Term
kidney fay
Definition
perireal fat
Term
fat that lines the abdominal cavity and encloses kidneys and is used for lard production
Definition
leaf fat
Term
fat beneath the skin
Definition
subcutaneous fat
Term
seam fat
Definition
intermuscular
Term
marbling
Definition
intramuscular fat
Term
increases in DNA/fiber during muscle growth due to
Definition
incorporation of satellite cells
Term
hormone produced by liver in response to GH with direct impact on cell growth, also called IGF
Definition
somatomedin
Term
produced by the hypothalamus and inhibits GH. also produced by pancreatic delta cells to help digestion
Definition
somatostatin
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