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Animal Diversity II ODASIS Supplemental Notes
Animal Diversity II ODASIS Supplemental Notes
160
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/05/2011
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Term
Animals are ___________ eukaryotes.
 Definition
1) Multicellular
Term
___________ are animals which ingest and then digest.
 Definition
1) Heterotrophs
Term
Diploid organisms primarily reproduce sexually or through ___________; only haploid cells are ___________. There is no ___________ haploid stage.
 Definition
1) Meiosis
2) Gametes
3) Multicellular
Term
Animals do not have a ___________ ___________ like members of the Kingdom Plantae.
 Definition
1) Cell wall
Term
Kingdom Animalia is subdivided into two Subkingdoms: ___________ and ___________.
 Definition
1) Parazoa
2) Eumetazoa
Term
The Subkingdom ___________ are not truly ___________ as the cells are not organized into tissues. Function similar to colonial, ___________ protozoa.
 Definition
1) Parazoa
2) Multicellular
3) Unicellular
Term
The only phylum included in the Subkingdom Parazoa is the Phylum ___________.
 Definition
1) Porifera
Term
The Subkingdom ___________ have true tissues; have four primary characteristics:
 Definition
1) Eumetazoa
2) Body symmetry
3) Germ (tissue) layers
4) Absence of coelom (cavity)
5) Embryonic cleavage patterns
Term
In ___________ ___________, the body has the general form of a wheel or cylinder; similar structures are often arranged as spokes to form a central axis.
 Definition
1) Radial symmetry
Term
In ___________ ___________, multiple planes can be drawn through the central axis dividing the organism into ___________ equal mirror images.
 Definition
1) Radial symmetry
2) Two
Term
In ___________ ___________, an organism can be divided through only one plane (which passes through the ___________ of the body) to produce roughly equivalent halves that are mirror images.
 Definition
1) Bilateral symmetry
2) Midline
Term
Animals with ___________ ___________ will have a definite head (where nervous and sense organs are concentrated; ___________) and a tail end.
 Definition
1) Bilateral symmetry
2) Cephalization
Term
The structures of most animals develop from embryonic tissue layers known as ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Germ layers
Term
In reference to germ layers:
The ___________ is the outer layer.
The ___________ is the middle layer.
The ___________ is the inner layer.
 Definition
1) Ectoderm
2) Mesoderm
3) Endoderm
Term
Phylum ___________ and ___________ are unique in that they only possess ectoderm and pectoderm.
 Definition
1) Cnidarinas
2) Ctenophorans
Term
All ___________ symmetrical animals are ___________ (two germ layers).
 Definition
1) Radially
2) Diploblastic
Term
All ___________ symmetrical animals are ___________ (three germ layers).
 Definition
1) Bilaterally
2) Triploblastic
Term
___________ have no body "cavity;" the area between the digestive tube and outer body wall is filled with cells called ___________.
 Definition
1) Acoelomates
2) Mesenchyme
Term
___________ have a fluid-filled body cavity, but are not completely lined with the ___________. The digestive tube is not suspended by ___________; in order to move food down the digestive tract the entire body must undulate.
 Definition
1) Pseudocoelomates
2) Mesentery
Term
___________ have a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined with ___________. In addition, all organs are encased in an additional layer of ___________ and are suspended by the ___________.
 Definition
1) Coelomates
2) Mesoderm
3) Mesoderm
4) Mesentery
Term
The three primary functions of the body cavity are:
 Definition
1) Suspend organs
2) Provide lubrication
3) Act as a hydrostatic skeleton
Term
The Phylum ___________ includes the sponges.
 Definition
1) Porifera
Term
Phylum Porifera is "___________ ___________" and did not give rise to any other group of organisms.
 Definition
1) Evolutionary dead
Term
Poriferans are ___________; there is no method of cutting the organisms into two similar halves.
 Definition
1) Asymmetrical
Term
Phylum Porfiera is divided into classes based on the type of skeleton the secrete. The skeleton may be composed of: (1) ___________, a fibrous protein; (2) spicules made of ___________; and (3) spicules made of ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Spongin
2) Silica
3) Calcium carbonate
Term
Although there are no true ___________ in Poriferans, a division of labor exists among the several types of cells that compose the sponge.
 Definition
1) Tissues
Term
Poriferans have ___________ cell layers; between the inner and outer layers a gelatin-like layer called ___________ exists which holds them together.
 Definition
1) Two
2) Mesophyl
Term
Porfierans has ___________ cells (active in digestion, transport, and spicule production) which wonder throughout the ___________ layer.
 Definition
1) Amoeboid
2) Mesophyl
Term
In a simple sponge, water enters through hundreds of tiny pores (___________), passes into the central cavity (___________; not a digestive cavity) and flows out through the sponge's open end the ___________.
 Definition
1) Ostia
2) Spongocoel
3) Osculum
Term
Poriferans have special cells called ___________ (___________ ___________) which line the ___________(cell layer).
 Definition
1) Choanocytes
2) Collar cells
3) Spongoecoel
Term
The choanocytes of the Poriferans are ___________ and create the water current that brings food and oxygen to the cells. They are also responsible for carrying away ___________ ___________ and wastes.
 Definition
1) Flagellated
2) Carbon dioxide
Term
The ___________ of Poriferans also trap and phagocytize food particles. If not fully digested, the food particles are transferred to an ___________ for digestion and transportation to ___________ cells.
 Definition
1) Choanocytes
2) Amoebocytes
3) Epidermal
Term
Poriferans can ___________ themselves when injuted and ___________ lost parts.
 Definition
1) Repair
2) Regenerate
Term
Most Poriferans are ___________ and cross-fertilize with one another.
 Definition
1) Hermaphroditic
Term
Cnidarians possesses ___________ symmetry and are ___________ (germ layer)
 Definition
1) Radial
2) Acoelomates
Term
Cnidarians have ___________ tissue layers; the ___________ (outer layer) is the protective layer while the ___________ (inner layer) functions in digestion.
 Definition
1) Two
2) Epidermis
3) Gastrodermis
Term
The two layers possessed by Cnidarians (___________ and ___________) are separated by a gelatin-like ___________.
 Definition
1) Epidermis
2) Gastrodermis
3) Mesoglea
Term
The Cnidarian body is organized as a hollow sac with ___________ opening (mouth) which functions for both ___________ and ___________ of wastes.
 Definition
1) One
2) Ingestion
3) Expulsion
Term
Cnidarians have ___________ around the mouth which lead to the digestive cavity known as the ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Tentacles
2) Gastrovascular cavity
Term
Cnidarians possesses stinging cells called ___________ which are located mainly on the epidermis, especially on the ___________.
 Definition
1) Cnidocytes
2) Tentacles
Term
Cnidarians have cnidocytes with stinging thread capsules called ________http://english.aljazeera.net/___.
 Definition
1) Nematocysts
Term
Each Cnidarians have cnidocytes with small, projecting triggers called ___________. When the ___________ are stimulated they release a coiled, hollow, thread which can be sticky, coil some prey, or inject a protein toxin to paralyze animals.
 Definition
1) Cnidocil
2) Nematocysts
Term
Cnidarians have ___________ body shapes: the ___________ and the ___________.
 Definition
1) Two
2) Polyp
3) Medusa
Term
Cnidarians are divided into three primary classes:
 Definition
1) Class Hydrozoa
2) Class Schyphozoa
3) Class Anthozoa
Term
In the Cnidarian Class Hydrozoa, the ___________ are present and the ___________ form dominates.
 Definition
1) Hydras
2) Polyp
Term
In the Cnidarian Class Schyphozoa, the ___________ are present and the ___________ form dominates.
 Definition
1) Jellyfish
2) Medusa
Term
In the Cnidarian Class Anthozoa, ___________ ___________ and ___________ are present and the ___________ is the only stage possible.
 Definition
1) Sea anemones
2) Coral
3) Polyp
Term
The Phylum ___________ includes the "comb jellies"
 Definition
1) Ctenophora
Term
Ctenophorans exhibit ___________ symmetry and are ___________ (body cavity); they have ___________ cell layers separated by __________ to form the ___________ ___________ (digestive cavity).
 Definition
1) Biradial
2) Acoelomates
3) Two
4) Mesoglea
5) Gastrovascular cavity
Term
The outer surface of Ctenophores bears ___________ row of fused ___________, which resemble combs.
 Definition
1) Eight
2) Cilia
Term
The coordinated beating of the ___________ provide locomotion to the Ctenophores; they are the ___________ organisms to move by ___________.
 Definition
1) Cilia
2) Largest
3) Cilia
Term
Some Ctenophores have ___________ tentacles; however, they have no stinging ___________. Many are ___________.
 Definition
1) Two
2) Nematocysts
3) Bioluminsecent
Term
Members of the Phylum ___________ are also referred to as flatworms.
 Definition
1) Platyhelminthes
Term
Platyhelminthes are the first ___________ symmetrical phylum; are also ___________ (body cavity) and do not possesses a ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Bilaterally
2) Acoelomates
3) Hydrostatic skeleton
Term
Platyhelminthes are the first phylum to have ___________ germ layers, and thus they are ___________.
 Definition
1) Three
2) Triploblastic
Term
Platyhelminthes are the first phylum to have well-developed ___________ and also possesses a ___________ ___________ (digestive cavity)
 Definition
1) Organs
2) Digestive cavity
Term
Platyhelminthes perform gas exchange through ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Simple diffusion
Term
Phylum Platyhelminthes is further subdivided into three classes:
 Definition
1) Class Turbellaria
2) Class Trematoda
3) Class Cestoda
Term
Class Turbellaria of the Phylum Platyhelminthes are ___________-___________ flatworms.
 Definition
1) Free-living
Term
___________ of the Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria, are the most common flatworms. They have ___________ ___________ used for light detection and often avoid the light to avoid potential predators. Their flapping "ears" are called ___________ and they serve as organs of ___________.
 Definition
1) Planarians
2) Eye spots
3) Auricles
4) Chemoreception
Term
Class Trematoda of the Phylum Platyhelminthes are the parasitic ___________. They are often the cause for many fatal diseases.
 Definition
1) Flukes
Term
Class Cestoda of the Phylum Platyhelminthes are parasitic ___________ which possesses ___________ and ___________ for attachment to the host. They lack a ___________ ___________ as they feed off the already digested material.
 Definition
1) Tapeworms
2) Hooks
3) Suckers
4) Digestive system
Term
Members of the Phylum ___________ are also referred to as roundworms.
 Definition
1) Nematoda
Term
Nematodes exhibit ___________ symmetry and have ___________ germ layers (___________).
 Definition
1) Bilaterally
2) Three
3) Triploblastic
Term
Nematodes have a fluid-filled ___________ that serves as a ___________ ___________; it is also very important in nutrient transport.
 Definition
1) Pseudocoelom
2) Hydrostatic skeleton
Term
Most nematodes are ___________-___________; however, a few are important ___________: they live in the soil, plants, and animals.
 Definition
1) Free-living
2) Parasites
Term
Nematodes are the first phylum to have a ___________ ___________ ___________ instead of a gastrovascular cavity.
 Definition
1) Complete digestive system
Term
___________ ___________, a free-living nematode, is important in research for biologists studying the genetic control of development.
 Definition
1) Caenorhalodities elegans
Term
Members of the Phylum ___________ are also referred to as "wheel animals."
 Definition
1) Rotifera
Term
Although no larger than ___________, microscopic Rotifers are ___________.
 Definition
1) Protozoa
2) Multicellular
Term
Rotifers are ___________ with ___________ tissue layers (___________) and a ___________ ___________ ___________ (digestive cavity)
 Definition
1) Pseudocoelomate
2) Three
3) Triploblastic
4) Complete digestive system
Term
Rotifers have a characteristic ___________ of ___________ (___________) on their anterior end. The ___________ beat rapidly during swimming and feeding, giving the appearance of a spinning wheel.
 Definition
1) Crown
2) Cilia
3) Corona
4) Cilia
Term
All phyla which are evolutionary greater than the ___________ are true coelomates.
 Definition
1) Nematodes
Term
Coelomates are divided into two groups based on the cleavage patterns developed during the ___________ stage; they can either be ___________ or ___________.
 Definition
1) Embryonic
2) Protostomes
3) Deuterostomes
Term
Protostomes exhibit early cell divisions which are diagonal to the polar (___________ axis of the egg) resulting in a somewhat ___________ attachment of the cells; this is known as ___________ ___________ in which any one cell is located in between the ___________ cells above it.
 Definition
1) Long
2) Spiral
3) Spiral cleavage
4) Two
Term
In Protostomes, the developmental fate of each embryonic cell ___________ (is/isn't) fixed very early; this is called ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Is
2) Determinant cleavage
Term
During development, as the gust is formed, the first opening to become apparent is called the ___________.
 Definition
1) Blastopore
Term
In Protostomes, the blastopore becomes the ___________.
 Definition
1) Mouth
Term
In Protostomes, the coelom is formed by a splitting of the ___________; the split widens into a cavity which becomes the ___________; this method of coelom formation is called ___________.
 Definition
1) Mesoderm
2) Coelom
3) Schizocoely
Term
In Dueterostomes, the cell division are either parallel or at right angles to the ___________ ___________; any ___________ cell is located directly above or below another one; this is known as ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Polar axis
2) One
3) Radial cleavage
Term
In Deuterostomes, the fate of each cell ___________ (is/isn't) fixed very early; this is called ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Isn't
2) Indeterminate cleavage
Term
In Deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the ___________.
 Definition
1) Anus
Term
In Deuterostomes, the ___________ is formed from the outpocketing of the ___________ which eventually will pull off; this is called ___________.
 Definition
1) Coelom
2) Mesoderm
3) Enterocoely
Term
Mollusks typically have a soft body (___________ ___________) which is covered by a ___________ ___________ shell that minimizes ___________ loss and provides support for the body; the soft body contains the internal organs.
 Definition
1) Visceral mass
2) Calcium carbonate
3) Fluid
Term
In Mollusks, the ___________ ___________ and ___________ ___________ shell are the adaptations which have allowed the organisms to live on land.
 Definition
1) Visceral mass
2) Calcium carbonate
Term
Mollusks have a ___________ ___________ which is used for locomotion; some groups contain sensory structures instead.
 Definition
1) Muscular foot
Term
Mollusks have a ___________, or fold of tissue, which covers the ___________ ___________ and produces the ___________.
 Definition
1) Mantle
2) Visceral mass
3) Shell
Term
Mollusks have a coiled gut and a ___________ ___________ ___________ (digestive cavity) with ___________ openings.
 Definition
1) Complete digestive tract
2) Two
Term
Mollusks have ___________, or rasping teeth structures which are used in feeding.1
 Definition
1) Radula
Term
Mollusks are ___________-chambering; most groups have an ___________ circulatory system.
 Definition
1) Three
2) Open
Term
In an ___________ circulatory system there are vessels and a cavity (___________) containing blood called ___________ which bathes the tissues
 Definition
1) Open
2) Hemocoel
3) Hemolymph
Term
Phylum Mollusca is further divided into four classes:
 Definition
1) Polyplacophora
2) Gastropoda
3) Bivalvia
4) Cephalopoda
Term
Class ___________ of Phylum Mollusca is distinguished by its "many plates."
 Definition
1) Polyplacophora
Term
The Class Polyplacophora of Phylum Mollusca includes the ___________ which are all ___________ and attach to rocks on the shore; they are distinguished by their segmented shells with ___________ plates.
 Definition
1) Chitons
2) Marine
3) Eight
Term
Class Gastropoda of Phylum Mollusca include the snails and slugs (no ___________). The gut undergoes ___________ and the digestive tract becomes ___________-shaped with the ___________ lieing above the head, close to the mouth. Gastropods can be either ___________, freshwater, or terrestrial.
 Definition
1) Shell
2) Torsion
3) U
4) Anus
5) Marine
Term
Class Bivalia of Phylum Gastropoda include the clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops; they often possesses two, laterally-compressed, hinged ___________. The ___________ often protrudes for locomotion (although it can be pulled back). Oysters making a pearl is highlighted as an ___________ response.
 Definition
1) Shells
2) Foot
3) Immune
Term
Class ___________ of Phylum Mollusca is distinguished by its "head foot)
 Definition
1) Cephalopoda
Term
Class Cephalopoda of Phylum Mollusca includes the octopus and squid; their mouth is surrounded by ___________ and their ___________ is greatly reduced or not apparent.
 Definition
1) Tentacles
2) Shell
Term
Cephalopods have a ___________ highly modified into a "___________" with many sensory structures; their eyes are ___________ to ours which suggests a common ancestor; this is most likely due to ___________ ___________
 Definition
1) Foot
2) Head
3) Analogous
4) Convergent evolution
Term
Cephalopods are considered the ___________ ___________ and possesses a ___________ circulatory system.
 Definition
1) Smartest invertebrates
2) Closed
Term
Members of the Phylum ___________ are classified as segmented worms.
 Definition
1) Annelida
Term
Annelids exhibit ___________ symmetry with a ___________ body partitioned into segments.
 Definition
1) Bilateral
2) Tubular
Term
In Annelids, segments of the ___________ are separated from one another by partitions called ___________.
 Definition
1) Coelom
2) Septae
Term
In Annelids, the partitioned ___________ allows independent control of the ___________. At the same time, part of the body can be thin and another thick; they possesses a ___________ circulatory system.
 Definition
1) Coelom
2) Segments
3) Closed
Term
Class ___________ of Phylum Annelida is distinguished by its "many bristles."
 Definition
1) Polychaeta
Term
Polychaets are ___________-___________, ___________ (type of ecosystem) worms that exhibit a higher degree of ___________. They have a well-developed ___________ which may bear elaborate ___________ and palps.
 Definition
1) Free-living
2) Marine
3) Cephalization
4) Head
5) Tentacles
Term
Polychaets have many body segments which are paddle-shaped appendages called ___________ which bear many stiff ___________ (bristles) and provide extra ___________ ___________ for oxygen and absorption; these are also used for locomotion.
 Definition
1) Parapodia
2) Setae
3) Surface area
Term
Class ___________ of Phylum Annelida is distinguished by its "few bristles" and are best represented by the earthworm.
 Definition
1) Oligochaeta
Term
Class Oligochaeta are primarily ___________-___________ in ___________ (type of ecosystem) and moist soil.
 Definition
1) Free-living
2) Freshwater
Term
Oligochaets possesses a ___________ circulatory system and have no ___________, few ___________, and lack a well-developed ___________
 Definition
1) Closed
2) Parapodia
3) Bristles (setae)
4) Head
Term
Class ___________ of Phylum Annelida are best represented through leeches.
 Definition
1) Hirudinea
Term
Hirudinea have few ___________, are ___________-sucking ___________, and were once used on medicine to remove excess ___________ and fluid. They possess muscular ___________ at the anterior and posterior ends.
 Definition
1) Setae
2) Blood
3) Parasites
4) Blood
5) Suckers
Term
Phylum Anthropoda is the ___________ phylum during this time era, as there are 1x10^18 individual arthropods existing, with the vast majority being ___________ and most ___________ being ___________.
 Definition
1) Largest
2) Insects
3) Beetles
Term
Arthropods have ___________ bodies with the number of ___________ either reduced or grouped together to perform specialized functions (i.e., head, thorax, abdomen)
 Definition
1) Segmented
2) Segments
Term
Arthropods have a jointed ___________ composed of ___________ which is secreted by the ___________ (tissue layer).
 Definition
1) Exoskeleton
2) Chitin
3) Epidermis
Term
The exoskeleton of Arthropods serves four primary functions:
1. Supports the body.
2. Serves as a point of ___________ attachments.
3. Protects against ___________.
4. Limits ___________ loss.
 Definition
1) Muscle
2) Predators
3) Moisture
Term
Arthropods have a reduced ___________; Since they have an exoskeleton, they don't need a ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Coelom
2) Hydrostatic skeleton
Term
The weight of an Arthropod's ___________ limits body size and is occasionally shed for growth, a process called ___________.
 Definition
1) Exoskeleton
2) Molting
Term
Arthropods have paired, ___________ ___________ which are used for swimming, walking, and eating; they are the primary ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Jointed appendages
2) Sensory structures
Term
Arthropods have a higher degree of ___________ (complex ___________ and sensory structures).
 Definition
1) Cephalization
2) Complex
Term
Arthropods possesses an ___________ circulatory system which is not efficient enough for ___________ ___________ due to rapid movement and a high ___________ (concerned with digestion); thus, an additional specialization system of internal branching tubes known as ___________ function in gas exchange.
 Definition
1) Open
2) Gas exchange
3) Metabolism
4) Tracheae
Term
Subphylum ___________ of Phylum Arthropoda are easily recognizable as they are all extinct.
 Definition
1)Trilobitomorpha
Term
Trilobites are the most ___________ form of Arthropods.
 Definition
1) Primitive
Term
Trilobites have ___________ appendages; the ___________ branch is used for walking while the ___________ branch is a set of ___________ used for gas exchange.
Trilobites possesses no specialized body segments.
 Definition
1) Biramous
2) Inner
3) Outer
4) Gills
Term
Subphylum ___________ of Phylum Arthropoda include the horseshoe crabs and arachnids which have no ___________ or chewing ___________ (jaws). However, one pair of appendages ___________ may be modified as fangs.
 Definition
1) Chelicerata
2) Antennae
3) Mandibles
4) Chelicerae
Term
Class ___________ of Subphylum Chelicerata includes the horseshoe crabs which are essentially living ___________ as they are unchanged evolutionarily.
 Definition
1) Merostomata
2) Fossils
Term
Class ___________ of Subphylum Chlicerata includes spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions.
 Definition
1) Aracnida
Term
Class ___________ of Subphylum Crustacea includes the lobsters, crabs, and shrimp.
 Definition
1) Malacostraca
Term
Crustaceans are categorized through ___________ appendages, two pairs of ___________, ___________ (type of appendage), and the fact that they can have legs on the ___________ or ___________.
 Definition
1) Biramous
2) Antennae
3) Mandibles (jaws)
4) Abdomen
5) Thorax
Term
Subphylum ___________ of Phylum Arthropoda is categorized through a single pair of ___________ and ___________(unbranched) appendages.
 Definition
1) Myriapoda
2) Antennae
3) Uniramous
Term
Class ___________ of Subphylum Myriapoda is represented through centipedes.
 Definition
1) Chilopoda
Term
Chilopods have ___________ pair of legs per segment and are ___________ predators.
 Definition
1) One
2) Carnivorous
Term
Class ___________ of Subphylum Myriapoda is represented through millipedes.
 Definition
1) Diplopoda
Term
Diplopods have ___________ pairs of legs per segment and are often described as ___________; not much of a threat as they are not ___________
 Definition
1) Two
2) Scavengers
3) Poisonous
Term
Class ___________ of Subphylum Hexapoda is comprises 70% of all animal species in the world.
 Definition
1) Insecta
Term
Insects have a ___________, ___________, and ___________ (body segment); there are ___________ pairs of appendages attached to the thorax and no ___________ appendages.
 Definition
1) Head
2) Thorax
3) Abdomen
4) Three
5) Abdominal
Term
Insects exhibit a higher degree of ___________, ___________ eyes, and they stand as the only invertebrates that can ___________.
 Definition
1) Cephalization
2) Compound
3) Fly
Term
Phylum ___________ are also referred to as "walking" or "velvet worms."
 Definition
1) Onychophora
Term
Onychophora are worm-like animals that inhabit humid, tropical, ___________ __________.
 Definition
1) Rain forests
Term
Onychophora possesses both ___________ and ___________ features; however, they are probably more closely related to the ___________.
 Definition
1) Annelids
2) Arthropod
3) Arthropods
Term
Onychophora, like Arthropods, have ___________, an ___________ circulatory system, and ___________-type of respiratory system.
 Definition
1) Antennae
2) Open
3) Tracheal
Term
The Phylum ___________ is characterized by sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, and sand dollars which are all ___________ (type of ecosystem).
 Definition
1) Echinodermata
2) Marine
Term
Echinoderms have a well-developed coelom which is modified from the ___________ ___________ ___________; they also possesses ___________ ___________ (type of locomotion).
 Definition
1) Water vascular system
2) Tube feet
Term
Echinoderms use an ___________ (muscular sac filled with water) to operate each foot; when the ___________ contracts the tube foot extends and the ___________ attaches to a surface or to prey.
 Definition
1) Ampulla
2) Ampulla
3) Sucker
Term
Echinoderm adults exhibit ___________ symmetry; the larvae exhibit ___________ symmetry.
 Definition
1) Biradial
2) Bilateral
Term
Echinoderms have no ___________ and only operate on a network of nerves.
 Definition
1) Cephalization
Term
Phylum ___________ can be represented by an acorn worm.
 Definition
1) Hemichordata
Term
Phylum Chordata is represented by four primary features which are exhibited by some point in each Chordates' life:
 Definition
1) Notochord
2) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
3) Paryngeal gill slits (throat gills)
4) Muscular post-anal tail
Term
The ___________ is a dorsal, longitudinal, cartilaginous rod that is firm but flexible and supports the body (forms disks of ___________ between vertebrae in adults)
 Definition
1) Notochord
2) Cartilage
Term
The ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ extends from the brain; non-chordates have ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________.
 Definition
1) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
2) Ventral hollow nerve cord
Term
___________ ___________ ___________ are composed of rods of ___________ which are used for support, gas exchange, and food intake; humans only have these as ___________.
 Definition
1) Pharyngeal gill slits
2) Cartilage
3) Embryos
Term
Subphylum ___________ of Phylum Chordata is best represented by tunicates and sea squirts (___________)
 Definition
1) Urochordata
2) Ascidians
Term
Urochordate adults are ___________; they stay attached to a surface for the remainder of their lifetime
 Definition
1) Sessile
Term
Urochordate ___________ have all of the chordate characteristics; as they grow they attach to a surface (head down), lose their ___________, keep a vestige of the nervous system, and use the ___________ ___________ ___________ for feeding.
 Definition
1) Larvae
2) Tails
3) Pharyngeal gill slits
Term
Urochordate adults develop a ___________, or leathery covering made of cellulose. They do not have ___________.
 Definition
1) Tunic
2) Backbones
Term
Subphylum ___________ of Phylum Chordata is best represented through lancelets.
 Definition
1) Cephalochordata
Term
___________ of the Chephalochordates runs the entire length of the body, including the head region; ___________ are used for filter feeding in which particles of food get trapped in ___________ and delivered to the digestive system.
 Definition
1) Notochord
2) Gills
3) Mucus
Term
Subphylum ___________ of Phylum Chordata is best represented through a lion or kangaroo.
 Definition
1) Vertebrata
Term
Vertebrates all have ___________, spine, and a cranium (to protect the highly developed ___________).
 Definition
1) Vertebrae
2) Brain
Term
Vertebrates have a flexible internal skeleton composed of ___________ or ___________; the ___________ ___________ replaces the notochord after some time.
 Definition
1) Cartilage
2) Bone
3) Vertebral column
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