Term
Subkingdom Parazoa: Phylum Porifera (__________)
- Diverged early from ancestral __________
-Evolutionary "__________ __________"
-Tissues are poorly defined and they lack true organs; __________
A. __________(fibrous protein)
B. __________(silia)
C. __________(calcium carbonate)
-Have two cell layers and between the outer and inner cell layers there is a gelatin layer called __________ that holds them together.
-Asexual reproduction by __________.
-Most are __________ and usually cross fertilize
-__________ cells become gametes for cross fertilization. |
|
Definition
1) Sponges
2) Choanoflagellates
3) Dead end
4) Asymmetrical
5) Spongin
6) Spincules
7) Spicules
8) Mesophyl
9) Budding
10) Hermaphroditic
11) Amoeboid |
|
|
Term
Water Passage of Sponges
-Water enters through hundreds of tiny pores in the (__________) pass into the central cavity (__________) and flows out through the sponge's open end (__________).
-Sponges can repair themselves when injured and __________ lost parts. |
|
Definition
1) Ostia
2) Spongocoel
3) Osculum
4) Regenerate |
|
|
Term
Specialized Sponge Cells
-__________: Form the pores and these cells can regulate the diameter of the pores by contracting
-__________: Line the spongocoel and they are flagellated and create the water current that brings food and oxygen to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other wastes. They also trap and phagocytize food particles.
-__________:Food particles are either digested within the choanocyte or transferred too an amoebocyte for digestion and transport to nutrients of epidermal cells. |
|
Definition
1) Porocytes
2) Choanocytes
3) Spongocoel
4) Amoebocytes |
|
|
Term
-What does the ectoderm give rise to?
-What does the endoderm give rise to?
-What is mesoglea? |
|
Definition
1) The outer epidermis
2) The inner endodermis
3) The middle gastrodermis
3 |
|
|
Term
Phylum Cnidaria
-__________ symmetry
-Have two body shapes (__________ & __________)
-Have __________ that contain stinging organelles (mainly in the epidermis on the tentacles)
-Cnidocytes have stinging __________
-Mouth leads into the __________ cavity where digestion takes place.
-Gas exchange and excretion occurs by __________
-Nerve nets
-There are four major classes of Phylum Cnidaria:
-__________
-__________
-__________
-__________ |
|
Definition
1) Radial
2) Polyp
3) Medusa
4) Cnidocytes
5) Nematocysts
6) Gastrovascular
7) Diffusion
8) Hydrozoa
9) Scyphozoa
10) Cubozoa
11) Anthozoa |
|
|
Term
Phylum Ctenophora (__________ __________)
-__________ symmetry
-__________ (color)
-Outer surface bears __________ row of cilia that resemble combs
-Some have __________ tentacles
-Do not have __________ but their tentacles have adhesive glue cells
-Digestive system has a mouth for food intake at one end and __________ anal pores for egestion. |
|
Definition
1) Comb jellies
2) Biradial
3) Bioluminescent
4) Eight
5) Two
6) Nematocysts
7) Two |
|
|
Term
Coeloms (__________ __________)
-Functions of body cavity are to suspend __________, provide __________, and to act as a __________ __________.
-Acoelomate: Area between digestive tube and outer body is filled with __________.
-Pseudocelomate: Fluid filled body cavity but not completely lined with __________
-Coelomate: Completely lined |
|
Definition
1) Body cavity
2) Organs
3) Lubrication
4) Hydrostatic Skeleton
5) Mesenchyme
6) Mesoderm |
|
|
Term
| The blastopore in protosomes becomes the __________; the blastopore in deuterosomes becomes the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Phylum Platyhelminthes
-__________ (body cavity)
-Flatworms
-First phylum to have __________ __________ __________.
-First phylum to have well developed __________.
-Have a __________ cavity with one opening
-Gas exchange by __________. |
|
Definition
1) Acoelomates
2) Three germ layers
3) Organ
4) Gastrovascular
5) Diffusion |
|
|
Term
Phylum Rotifera
-__________ animals: Have a crown of cilia (__________) on their anterior end which helps for swimming, feeding, creating a current that brings in food.
-__________ __________ number: No cell division after embryonic development
-Growth results from increase in __________ __________. |
|
Definition
1) Wheel
2) Corona
3) Fixed cell
4) Cell size |
|
|
Term
Phlyum Nematoda (__________)
-__________ serves as hydrostatic skeleton - Important in nutrient transport and distribution.
-First group to have a complete __________ _________ instead of a gastrovascular cavity.
-__________ are longer than __________.
-Most are __________ __________ but others are important parasites. |
|
Definition
1) Roundworms
2) Pseudocoelom
3) Digestive System
4) Males
5) Females
6) Free Living |
|
|
Term
Phylum Mollusca
-__________ __________(soft body) contains internal organs
-Soft bodied animals usually covered by __________ __________ shell which minimizes fluid loss and provides support for the body.
-_________ (fold of tissue) covers the visceral mass and produces the shell
-__________ __________ used for locomotion
-Rasping teeth structure called __________ used for feeding. |
|
Definition
1) Visceral Mass
2) Calcium Carbonate
3) Mantle
4) Muscular foot
5) Radula |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Mollusca, Class Polyplacophora -Sea cradle -__________(another name for organism) -Segmented shell with __________ transverse plates -All __________ (ecosystem) and are attached to rocks on shore. |
|
Definition
| 1) Chitons 2) Eight 3) Marine |
|
|
Term
Phylum Mollusca: Class Gastropoda
-The visceral mass is contained in a spirally coiled __________
-Snails
-Slugs (no __________)
-Gut undergoes __________ |
|
Definition
1) Shell
2) Shell
3) Torsion |
|
|
Term
Phlyum Mollusca: Class Bivalvia
-The __________ extends out between the shells
-Lack a __________
-__________ making a pearl is an immune respone |
|
Definition
1) Foot
2) Radula
3) Oyster |
|
|
Term
Phylum Mollusca: Class Cephalopoda(Head foot)
-Have a prominent __________ with __________ eyes and 8 to 10 (or more) tentacles surrounding the mouth.
- The shell may be internal or external and is greatly __________.
-Foot highly modified into "__________"
-Eyes are __________ to ours (structurally similar but concerning common ancestor, some genetic similarity - convergent evolution).
-Smartest __________
-__________ circulatory system
-Group includes __________ and __________. |
|
Definition
1) Head
2) Complex
3) Reduced
4) Head
5) Analogous
6) Invertebrates
7) Closed
8) Squids and Octopus |
|
|
Term
Phylum Annelida: General Characteristics
-__________(body cavity)
-__________ worms
-__________ symmetry and a tubular body partitioned into __________.
-Segments of coelom are separated from one another by partitions called __________ which allows independent control of the segments.
-__________ circulatory system
-Hydrostatic skeleton
-Gas exchange through __________ __________. |
|
Definition
1) Coelomates
2) Segmented
3) Bilateral
4) Segmented
5) Septa
6) Closed
7) Moist skin |
|
|
Term
Phylum Annelida: Class Polychaeta (many bristles)
-Free living; marine
-Higher degree of __________; well developed head which may bear elaborate tentacles and palps
-Each body segment has paddle shaped appendages called __________ which bear many stiff __________ (bristles) and provide extra __________ __________ for oxygen absorption and are used in locomotion. |
|
Definition
1) Cephalization
2) Parapodia
3) Setae
4) Surface area |
|
|
Term
Phylum Annelida: Class Oligochaeta (__________ __________)
-Earthworms
-Free living in fresh water and moist soil
-Complex __________ circulatory system
-__________(deals with reproduction)
-No _________; few bristles and lack a well-developed __________.
-Gas exchange through __________ __________. |
|
Definition
1) Few bristles
2) Closed
3) Hermaphroditic
4) Parapodia
5) Head
6) Moist skin |
|
|
Term
Phylum Annelida: Class Hirudinea (__________)
-Few __________.
-Blood sucking parasites; used in early medicine to remove excess blood and fluid; modern use include reduction in swelling.
-Muscular suckers at __________ and __________ ends. |
|
Definition
1) Leeches
2) Setae
3) Anterior
4) Posterior |
|
|
Term
Phylum Anthropoda: General Characteristics
-__________ phylum
-Segmented body (reduced segments) are specialized for particular functions
-Exoskeleton of __________; jointed skeleton secreted by the __________ supports the body; serve as point of muscle attachments; protect against predators; limit __________ loss.
-__________ is reduced
-__________ - if the weight of the exoskeleton limits body size, it must be shed for growth.
-Paired jointed appendages used for swimming, walking, sensory structures or mouth parts.
-Complex __________ and sensory structures.
-__________ circulatory system along with an additional specialized system of internal branching tubes (__________) for gas exchange; very efficient. |
|
Definition
1) Largest
2) Chitin
3) Water
4) Coelom
5) Molting
6) Brain
7) Open
8) Trachea |
|
|
Term
Phylum Anthropoda: Subphylum Trilobitomorpha (__________)
-Extinct, primitive form of antrhopods, covered by hard, segmented shell
-__________ appendages (2 branches); inner branch used for __________; outer branch is a __________ used for gas exchange.
-Unspecialized body segments
-Anterior head, pair of __________ eyes. |
|
Definition
1) Trilobites
2) Biramous
3) Walking
4) Gills
5) Compound |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Anthropoda: Subphylum Chelicerate (__________ and __________) -No __________ or chewing _________ (jaws) -One pair of appendages may be modified as fangs (__________) -Class __________ (horseshoe crabs): unchanged evolutionarily; acquatic; __________ eyes; __________ (method of breathing), and five or six pairs of appendages in addition to the chelicerae. -Class __________: spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions; terrestrial arthropods with no __________; __________ eyes and __________ pairs of appendages. |
|
Definition
| 1) Scorpions 2) Horseshoe Crabs 3) Antennae 4) Mandibles 5) Chelicerae 6) Merostomata 7) Compound 8) Gills 9) Arachnida 10) Gills 11) Simple 12) Six |
|
|
Term
Phylum Anthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea
-Characterized by the presence of jaw-like __________, __________ pairs of antennae, and __________ appendages.
-There are two body regions: a __________ and an __________; can have legs on abdomen or thorax.
-Class __________
-Includes the lobsters, crayfish, shrimps, and a variety of other aquatic organisms (sponge crab)
-Respire primarily through __________. |
|
Definition
1) Mandibles
2) Two
3) Biramous
4) Cephalothorax
5) Abdomen
6) Malacostraca
7) Gills |
|
|
Term
Phylum Antrhopoda: Subphylum Hexapoda: Class Insecta
-__________ group of anthropods and include mainly terrestrial arthropods with a distinct head, __________, and abdomen; __________ pair of antennae, __________ pairs of legs, jaws, and up to __________ pairs of wings.
-High degree of __________, only __________ can fly.
-__________ tubes for excretion
-Undergo __________
-Efficient system of breathing air - __________ __________. |
|
Definition
1) Largest
2) Thorax
3) One
4) Three
5) Two
6) Cephalization
7) Invertebrates
8) Malphigian
9) Metamorphosis
10) Tracheal tubes |
|
|
Term
Phylum Anthropoda: Subphylum Myriapoda
-Class __________
~Centipedes
~__________ pair of legs per segment
~__________ predators
-Class __________
~Millipedes
~__________ pairs of legs per segment
~__________ not poisonous |
|
Definition
1) Chilopoda
2) 1
3) Carnivorous
4) Diplopoda
5) 2
6) Scavengers |
|
|
Term
Phylum Onycophora
-Wormlike animals that inhabit tropical rain forests
-Have some __________ and some __________ features.
-Probably more closer to __________.
Similarities to Annelids
-Have soft bodies, are internally __________, and many organs are duplicated in each segment.
Similarities to Arthropods
-Have __________, have __________ circulatory system, and have __________ tube respiratory system. |
|
Definition
1) Annelid
2) Anthropods
3) Anthropods
4) Segmented
5) Antennae
6) Open
7) Tracheal |
|
|
Term
Phylum Enchinodermata
-Endoskeleton of __________ __________; projections of it stick out from the body.
-Class __________ (star fish) Class __________ (sea urchins), Class __________ (sea cucumbers); all marine.
-Well developed __________, modified to form the water vascular system with tube feet.
-__________ is a muscular sac filled with water and used to operate each tube foot; when the ampulla contracts, the tube foot extends and the sucker attaches to a surface or to prey.
-__________ symmetry of adult; __________ symmetry of larvae.
-No __________; no __________; only network of nerves
-__________ predators. |
|
Definition
1) Calcium carbonate
2) Asteroidea
3) Echinioidea
4) Holothuroidea
5) Ampulla
6) Pentaradial
7) Bilateral
8) Cephalization
9) Brain
10) Carnivorous |
|
|
Term
Phylum Hemichordata
-__________-bodied, worm-like marine organisms which are often found in __________-shaped burrows on sandy or muddy sea bottoms.
-Share characteristics with both the __________ (their name means "half" chordate) and the __________.
-Probably represent an evolutionary link between the __________ and the __________, and are thus important in showing the relationships of the chordates to the invertebrate groups. |
|
Definition
1) Soft
2) U-Shaped
3) Chordates
4) Echinoderms
5) Chordata
6) Echinoderms |
|
|
Term
Phylum Chordata: Evolution of Chordates / General Characteristics
-All chordates have the following at some point in their life cycle (possible embryonic)
~__________:Dorsal, longitudinal, cartilaginous, rod that is firm, flexible and supports the body.
~__________ __________ __________ __________: Extends to form brain; non-chordates have ventral, solid nerve cord.
~__________ __________ __________: Rods or cartilage of support; humans only have them as embryos.
~__________ __________ __________ |
|
Definition
1) Notochord
2) Dorsal hollow nerve chord
3) Pharyngeal gill slits
4) Post anal tail |
|
|
Term
Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Urochordata
-__________, including sea squirts (__________)
-Marine with protective tunics made of carbohydrate.
-Adults are __________ (stay attached to surface)
-Larvae have all of the __________ characteristics; as they grow they attach to a surface (head down), lose the __________, keep a vestige of the nervous system and use the __________ __________ __________ for feeding.
-Have __________ (food and water flow)
-No back bone. |
|
Definition
1) Turnicates
2) Ascidians
3) Sessile
4) Chordate
5) Tail
6) Pharyngeal gill slits
7) Siphons |
|
|
Term
Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Cephalochordata
-__________: Small, segmented, fish-like animals
-Marine fish-shaped organism with no __________.
-Metabolic wastes are excreted through __________.
-__________ runs the entire length of the body; __________ for filter feeding; particles of food get caught in mucus and get delivered to the digestive system.
-Closely related to __________. |
|
Definition
1) Lampreys
2) Backbone
3) Protonephridia
4) Notochord
5) Gills
6) Vertebrates |
|
|
Term
Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Vertebrata
-All have vertebrae; __________ __________ (to protect highly developed brain).
-Flexible internal skeleton made of __________ or __________.
-__________ __________ replaces notochord.
-__________ circulatory system.
-__________ digestive system.
-Paired __________ for fluid balance.
-Muscles attached to __________ to help in movement. |
|
Definition
1) Spine cranium
2) Cartilage
3) Bone
4) Vertebral column
5) Closed
6) Complete
7) Kidneys
8) Endoskeleton |
|
|
Term
| What Phylum of organisms are diverged from Choanoflagellates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has poorly defined tissues and lacks true organs, and is overall asymmetrical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What Phylum can be classified on the basis of the skeleton they secrete, such as:
A. Spongin (fibrous protein)
B. Spicules (silica)
C. Spicules (calcium carbonate) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum reproduces asexually through budding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sponge cells form the pores and regulate the diameter of the pores by contracting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sponge cells line the spongocoel, are flagellated, and create the water current that brings food and oxygen to the cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sponge cells digests and transports food nutrients to epidermal cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has radial symmetry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has two body shapes, the polyp and medusa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has a water filled gastrovascular cavity with contractile fibers in the epidermis and gastrodermis that shorten and lengthens to allow movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four major classes of the Phylum Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
1) Hydrozoa
2) Scyphozoa
3) Cubozoa
4) Anthozoa |
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is bioluminescent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has an outer surface that bears eight rows of cilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum lacks nematocysts but has tentacles with adhesive glue cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum resembles the Cnidarian medusa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has a mouth for food intake at one end and two anal pores for egestion at the other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the body cavity? |
|
Definition
1) Suspend organs
2) Provide lubrication
3) Acts as hyrostatic skeleton |
|
|
Term
| What type of digestive cavity do organisms have when the digestive tube and the outer body is filled with mesenchyme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of digestive cavity do organisms have when they possesses a fluid filled body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the method called when the split of the mesoderm widens into a cavity which becomes a coelom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the method called when the outpocketings of the mesoderm eventually pinch off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum are referred to as "flatworms?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is the first to have three germ layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is the first to have well developed organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has auricles which are used for chemoreception? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum are referred to as "wheel animals?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has a crown of cilia known as a corona which helps for swimming, feeding, and creating a current that brings in food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has a fixed cell number in which the growth results from increase in cell size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is the first to have a complete digestive system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has females that are longer than males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has many parasites and a few free living organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is characterized by a visceral mass, mantle, muscular foot, and radula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A soft body is also known as a __________ __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum have a segmented shell with eight transverse plates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class has a visceral mass contained in a spirally coiled shell with a distinct head and one or two pairs of tentacles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class undergoes torsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is characterized by a hinged shell with right and left halves which cover the visceral mass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class lacks a radula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class makes a pearl as an immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has a prominent head, complex eyes, and 8 to 10 tentacles surrounding the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class includes a foot highly modified into a "head" region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum includes the smartest invertebrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the earliest phylum to introduce septa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has body segments with paddle shaped appendages called parapodia which bear many stiff setae (bristles) and provide extra surface area for oxygen absorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Class is free living in fresh water but also appear in moist soil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum / Class is hermaphroditic? |
|
Definition
| 1) Phylum Porifera; Class Oligochaeta |
|
|
Term
| What Class has no parapodia and lacks a well-developed head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum includes leeches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum is extinct and has biramous appendages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Subphylum includes scorpions, ticks, termites, and horseshoe crabs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has no antennae or mandibles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the class of horseshoe crabs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the class of spiders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Subphylum is characterized by the presence of jaw-like mandibles, two pair of antennae, and biramous appendages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the class of crayfish, shrimps, and lobsters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum includes the largest group of arthropods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class includes invertebrates that can fly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class has Malphigian tubules for excretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the class of centipedes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the class of millipedes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum includes the velvet worms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has similarities to both Annelids and Arthropods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum includes the Class Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has an ampulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has pentaradial symmetry of the adult, and bilateral symmetry of the larvae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum has no cephalization, and no brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Phylum often has a soft-body and are often found in U-shaped burrows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum includes the tunicates and sea squirts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum has all chordate characteristics, but has sessile adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum has siphons and no back bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum includes the lancelets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum excretes metabolic wastes through protonephridia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum uses pharyngeal gill slits for filter feeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum has a spine cranium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum has a vertebral column? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subphylum has paired kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Subphylum has muscles attached to the endoskeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
