Term
Which animal type has a long,
complex digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Large scale relocation related to alternately favourable conditions |
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Term
What major vertebrate catagories (mamal, reptile, etc.) migrate? |
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Definition
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Term
What is Return Migration as opposed to Removal Migration? |
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Definition
Return is repeated journeys to and from set locations while Removal is a one way, no return trip. |
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Term
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Definition
Trip is undertaken once in lifetime.
Ex. Salmon |
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Term
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Definition
Trip is split into generations. Parents travel there, reproduce and die, offspring travel back, reproduce and die. |
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Term
Complete vs. Differential Migration |
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Definition
Complete means every individual does it the same way, Differential means different catagories (males, feemales, juveniles etc.) have different migratory patterns. |
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Term
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Definition
Like it sounds: Some do and some don't. |
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Term
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Definition
Tagging migratory animals to keep track of travel, health, behaviour etc. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Nutritional issues faced by herbivores |
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Definition
Plants are hard to digest
Low nutritional value
Need very complex digestion
Need specialized relationship with digestive bacteria
Lacking certain elements like soduim
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Term
Behavioral Issues faced by Herbivores |
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Definition
Spend all of their time eating and digesting
Avoid being eaten
Competition for limited food |
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Term
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Definition
Different species develope together to use different resources in their environment so as not to come into competition. Enables coexistance. Ex. diferent antelope at different heights eat different parts of trees. |
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Term
Is the carnivores digestive system more or less complex than the herbivore?
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Definition
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Term
Is the carnivore's diet more or less nutritious relatively? |
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Definition
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Term
Issues faced by carnivores |
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Definition
Getting food is taxing energetically
Complex strategies required
Variable food availability |
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Term
What are the two major Carnivore food gathering strategies? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The complete life cyclee from birth to reproduction to death of an animal. |
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Term
What is the lifecycle of an insect? |
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Definition
Hemimetabolous (3 stages)
Egg>Nymph>Adult
Or
Holometabolous (4stages)
Egg>Larva>Pupa>Adult |
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Term
What is the lyfecycle of an amhpibian? |
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Definition
Frog:
Egg>Tadpole>Metamorph>Frog |
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Term
What is the lyfecycle of a fish? |
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Definition
Egg>Larvae>Little Fish>Big Fish |
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Term
Precocial vs Altricial Parenting in birds? |
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Definition
Precocial is no nesting period, chicks are born ready to find food and move about on their own (chickens).
Altricial has a period of dependance where they cannot leave the nest or function alone (pigeons). |
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Term
What is the lifecycle of mamals?
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Definition
Infant>Juvenile>adolescent>adult |
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Term
An individual's needs and perogatives are different in different life stages, what four main factors cause these changes? |
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Definition
Genetics
Hormones
Environment
Social Systems |
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Term
What is the difference between Epigenesis and Ontogenesis? |
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Definition
Epigenesis says that the internal genome is acted upon by the external environment manipulating the way genes appear.
Ontogenesis says that both genes and behaviors can be inhereted
Both theories are a combination of nature and nurture. |
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Term
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Definition
When an infant fixates on an environmental stimulus. Often its mother, but can be sexual, food based, aural, etc. |
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Term
Close ended learning birds have a limited period to learn songs from their environment. What are the two stages of their song process? |
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Definition
Sensory= listening to songs without singing
Sensory-motor= singing memorized songs from sensory stage. No new songs will ever be learned now. |
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Term
| In what life stage does an animal learn about feeding (what to eat and when etc)? |
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Definition
| At all life stages, through many differents factors (Insticnt, teaching, imprint etc). |
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Term
| What is Temporal Polytheism? |
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Definition
| When age determines place in social order. |
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Term
| Behavior Development must be: (4 things) |
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Definition
| Adaptive, Suitable to Environment, Flexible, Further goals of adulthood and reproduction. |
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Term
| What are the 5 criteria for play? |
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Definition
| 1. Not related to current survival. 2. Spontaneous and voluntary. 3. Not the serious form of the behavior. 4. Random repetition. 5. Relaxed. |
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Term
| What is Locomotor-Rotational Play? |
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Definition
| 1st type exhibited. Spinning, leaping. Still occurs in adulthood. |
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Term
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Definition
| With objects. All through life. |
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Term
| Two common subcatagories of Social Play? |
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Definition
| Parallel play- Playing next to eachother, but not together. Extremity play- Very gentle btw older and younger. |
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Term
| Benefits of play? Name 5. |
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Definition
| Motor Development. Excersise. Eye-body coordination. Practice of adult behavior. Social and Communication practice. Understanding objects. Cognitive development. |
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Term
| What are the benefits of Sexual Reproduction? |
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Definition
| Strong social group. More resistant to parasites. Potential sharing of parenting. Wider gene pool. Ability to evolve from one generation to the next without whole lines being wiped out. DNA repair. |
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Term
| Detriments of sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| High Energy requirements to find mate and do the mating. Vulnerability there in. Disease transmission. Competition. Slow. Sibling rivalry. Breaks up successful gene combinations. |
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Term
| Why did some animals evolve to have anisogamic (different sized) gametes rather than Isogamic (same size)? |
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Definition
| Evolution broke into two tactics. One made more smaller gametes, the other, less larger gametes. Best reproduction happened to occur when a small gamete male mated a large gamete female. This combination was so effective it drove the others out. |
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Term
| Define Monogamy, Polygamy (Polygyny and polyandry) and promiscuity. |
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Definition
| Monogamy= 1m+1f. Polygyny= 1m+Xf. Polyandry= Xm+1f. Promiscuity= Xm+Xf. |
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Term
| What is Sexual Dimorphism? |
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Definition
| 2 sexes have evolved to look totally different from each other. Sometimes behave differently too. |
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Term
| What is reproductive effort? |
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Definition
| The total energy used for mating and parenting. Mating energy usually coming from male and parenting from female. |
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Term
| What is Intrasexual Selection? |
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Definition
| Selecting within one gender. Ex. M vs. M competition. Pre and post copulation tactics used. |
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Term
| Explain the Fisherian runaway model of sexual selection. |
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Definition
| Initially positive traits become increasingly ludicrous as female select for more and more. |
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Term
| Explain the good genes/good resources theory of sexual selection. |
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Definition
| Characteristics are always honest signs of health and superiority. |
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Term
| What are the benefits of being a social animal? |
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Definition
| Group hunting. Sexual reproduction. Care of young, Defense. Warmth. |
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Term
| Deteriments of social behavior? |
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Definition
| Spread of disease and parasites. Mating competition. Conspicuousness to predators. Struggle to identify individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large groups that migrate together/ |
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Term
| Define communication in animals. |
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Definition
| One animal's behavior having an effect on another animal. No brute force or unintentional. |
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Term
| How does urbanization effect animals? |
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Definition
| Changes habitat, temp, food availablity, light, noise etc. Some thrive while others struggle. |
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Term
| What is fear and how what three reactions does it illicit (the three f's)? |
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Definition
| Fear is the reaction to a threatening stimulus. Animals in immediate fear will either fight, flee or freeze. |
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Term
| What behaviors does fear manifest in? |
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Definition
| Aggression. Flight. Vigilance. Warnings. Avoidance. |
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Term
| What is a Landscape of Fear? Give example. |
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Definition
| How avoidance of fear inducing stimulus effects the movement and land use of animals in an ecosystem. Ex. Wolves in Yellowstone. |
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Term
| What is the 3 tier hierarchy of bees? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Waggle Dance? |
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Definition
| Bees communicate via an intricate phsical movement pattern that shows in relation to the sun where and how far away food is. |
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Term
| What is Colony Collapse Disorder? |
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Definition
| Bee colonies inexplicably fall apart. Worker leave the colony. all normal behaviors end. |
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Term
| What are the main treats to bees? |
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Definition
| Parasite and disease. Predator. Habitat loss. Climate change. Pesticides and Pollution. Stress from these factors. |
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Term
| What are the 5 fundamental freedoms of domestic animals in the UK? |
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Definition
| 1 Freedom from pain injury and disease. 2 Discomfort. 3 Hunger and thirst. 4 Fear and distress. 5 to express normal behavior. |
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Term
| What is the critical socialization period for dogs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 most commonly reported behavior problems in dogs? |
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Definition
| 1 Aggression to unknown dogs. 2 Aggression to known people. 3 Aggression to unknown people. 4 Training issues. 5 Fears and Phobias. |
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Term
| What is the most effective strategy for diminishing phobias in dogs or any animal? |
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Definition
| Systematic desensitization and counter conditioning. |
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Term
| Top three reported problems with cats? |
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Definition
| 1 Aggression toward other cats. 2 Indoor Marking. 3 Litter tray refusal. |
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Term
| What are the three types of exhibit qualities in zoos? |
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Definition
| Menagerie (Old fashioned barren cages). Zoological Park (better enclosures, but still like a museum). Conservation Centre (Naturalistic habitats, welfare above visibility). |
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Term
| What are the 4 top behavioral symptoms of welfare problems? |
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Definition
| Stereotypies. Self Directed Damage. Aggression. Avoidance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interpretation of patient's nature. Weighing them up even as they come in the door. |
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Term
| What two states must be examined to determine health? Think of the health graph from the last lecture. |
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Definition
| Experiential and Physical states. |
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