Term
| Examples of Manipulation (2) |
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Definition
Cuckoo bird in a reed warbler nest.
Swallow will fake an alarm call to interrupt mating of other swallows. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Gray treefrogs and Carolina wrens need to be in good condition to sing at high rate. |
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Term
| Signal Production is Constrained |
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Definition
| Toads. Large toads are the only ones that can make low frequency call. |
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Term
| Intention Movement - Ritualization |
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Definition
| Blue footed booby's sky pointing before flying incorporated into courtship dance. |
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Term
| Displacement Activity - Ritualization |
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Definition
| Mock preening as a fighting avoider became part of courtship display. |
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Term
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Definition
| Naked head or neck skin of turkey flush and swell during stress because of vasodilation. |
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Term
| Evolution of Respiratory System Signals |
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Definition
| Frigate bird can inflate its throat pouch to a huge size and brilliant color to attract females. |
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Term
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Definition
Evolution of pecking at ground to huge tailfeather display from cock to peacock.
Evolution of male balloon fly's gift. |
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Term
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Definition
Swordtails in Fish
Courtship signals in water mites. |
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Term
| Asexual and Sexual Reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
| Cost of Sexual Reproduction |
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Definition
| Bird struts per day increase amount of energy used. |
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Term
| Host sexuality and parasitism |
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Definition
| Mudsnails. Sexual proportion of males increases with parasite infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ants, Bees, Some beetles. |
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Term
| Incubation temperature determines sex |
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Definition
| Terrapin, Turtle, Alligators |
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Term
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Definition
| Sea bass. Dominant female turns into male when territorial male disappears. |
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Term
| Condition dependent sex allocation |
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Definition
The higher the social rank of the red deer, the more males it produces.
The better nourished common opossum mothers produced more males than the control group.
Dominant female yellow baboons produce more daughters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nasonia wasps adjust sex ratio based on how many females have already laid eggs there. |
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Term
| Example of Local Resource Enhancement |
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Definition
| Seychelles Warblers, as the territories fill up, females produce fewer males which disperse but more females which help. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bateman crossed virgin parent fruit flies that were each heterozygous for a unique dominant mutant phenotype. He placed 3-5 flies of each sex in milk bottles for 3-4 days, allowed the females to lay eggs, then removed the parent flies and counted the offspring once hatched. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elephant Seals: Variation of female is more than males. |
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Term
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Definition
Seahorses and Pipefish: Some males gestate eggs.
Mormon Crickets: Spermatophore is 1/4 body mass. Males are choosy.
Kawanaphila katydids: Sex role reversal is condition dependent. |
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Term
| Agression and Strength in Reproductive Success |
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Definition
| Bigger seals have bigger harems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Male rats have low threshold for arousal. They can have more sex when they are multiple mates instead of just one. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hornless beetle builds side tunnel around horned guarding male in order to get to a female. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bluegill sunfish has sneaker, female mimic, and territorial males. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primates. Testes size increases as body size increases but testes size also increases when females mate with more than one male. |
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Term
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Definition
Damselfly males use their penis to transfer their sperm and remove sperm previously deposited by competitors.
Dunnock's engage in cloacal pecking to induce females to eject ejaculates. |
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Term
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Definition
Snakes, Lizards, Marsupials, Rodents, Bats, and Primates
Some male spiders die while mating and leave themselves as a plug.
Some spiders leave part of their penis inside the female.
Butterfly: Place a sphragis over the females genetalia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Male neotropical butterflies transfer an antiaphrodisiac pheromone to a female making her repulsive to other males. |
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Term
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Definition
Damselflies mate guarding, male will clasp onto female and fly around with her after mating until she oviposits her eggs.
Swallow mate guarding over course of nesting cycle, stay close to nest when female it fertile, but then immediately go chase females again when fertility period is over |
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Term
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Definition
| Red Spotted Newts: All three types of sexual interference. |
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Term
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Definition
If male brings a insect as a nuptial gift. The bigger the prey item gets, the longer the female mates with him. The brighter red you are, the more cathartin you are. Offspring of these beetles are born with a larger dose of cathartin and are therefore better protected.
A male who is eaten delivers more sperm than a male that doesn’t. Males increase their reproductive success by being eaten. / Male cricket allows his hemolymph and wing to be eaten to prolong coppulation. |
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Term
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Definition
European Crossbill courtship feeding correlates with offspring provisioning.
Pied flycatcher females prefer darker males because they provide more parental care. |
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Term
| Features that aren't direct benefits. |
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Definition
| Crabs have big claw and make sand castle. No purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
The more intense the son's red color is, the more the daughter prefers it.
Female preference exhibits a genetic correlation with eye span length in stalk eyed flies. |
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Term
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Definition
Peahens prefer males with eyespots which have better offspring survival.
Female gray tree frogs prefer long calling males and produce better young |
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Term
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Definition
Swallow tail feather length indicates ectoparasite resistance.
Males with longer tails pair quicker and fledge more chicks but grow shorter tails the next year. |
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Term
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Definition
| Female tungara frogs prefer whines with chucks. Bats can locate males with chucks better. |
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Term
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Definition
Lar gibbon
Silver-backed jackal |
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Term
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Definition
California mouse father participate in same parental activities as the mothers. Both parents take turns huddling over the pups in winter. Removal of fathers resulted in lower pup survival.
Moundbuilding Mouse females produce litters in shorter intervals when male spends time in nest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dik-Diks are faithful. Cost of defending females from intruding males exceeds benefits of polygamy. |
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Term
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Definition
| 90% of mammals. Blackbirds. Grouse. |
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Term
| Resource Defense Polygyny |
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Definition
| Scorpionfly males fiercely defend the area around a dead arthropod. The female must copulate to gain access to this food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Female seals form dense aggregations. Return annually to traditional locations. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tamarins. Fish. Pseudoscorpions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Galapagos hawk. Bronze-winged jacana. Red phalarope. |
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Term
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Definition
Chick color affects parental feeding in mixed broods of coots.
Reed gapes get more food than yellow gapes. |
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Term
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Definition
Brood loudness increases as relatedness within nest decreases.
Masked boobies tolerate higher rates of siblicide than blue-footed boobies. |
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