Term
| What are the two categories of spirochetes that were studied? And what disease falls into each category? |
|
Definition
treponema- Syphilis
Non treponema- Lyme |
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Term
| What are teh two Rickettsiae diseases studied? |
|
Definition
Rockey Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsiea rickettsiea)
Typhus (Rickettsiea prowazkii) |
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Term
| What bacteria is prone to infect immune comprimised individuals and leads to an acute vasculitis with necrosis wihin the vessel wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the exact spirochete name that causes syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three virulence factors of Treponema Pallidum? |
|
Definition
adheres
resists phagocytosis (fibronectin)
lyse host cell (hyaluronidase) |
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Term
| What drug is Treponema Pallidum sensitive to? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many layers does treponema pallidum have and what is true of its outer layer? |
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Definition
| 3 layers with no LPS in outer layer |
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Term
| What is the shape of Treponem Pallidum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stage of syphilis presents with painless chancre? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the two important characteritics of the chancre in syphilis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| After how many days does primary syphilis generally begin after exposure? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What cells are present in the chancre of syphilis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How can you diagnosis primary syphilis (2)?
What cant you do? |
|
Definition
darkfield microscopy
silver stain of tissue
cant do a gram stain or serum test |
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Term
| How does the patient generally feel during primary sphilis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How long after exposure does secondary syphilis begin w/o treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of syphilis does a patient not feel well and presents with fever, headache, fatique? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the characteristic skin finding in secondary syphilis? |
|
Definition
| mucocutaneous (macules/papules) rash on soles/palms |
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|
Term
| Which stage of syphilis will serology begin to be positive? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What symptoms do patients with latent syphilis have? |
|
Definition
| none they are assymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| Which stage of syphilis presents with organ involvement? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the cardiovascular effects of syphilis? |
|
Definition
| elastic artery vasculitis especially of the aorta causing tree bark lesions |
|
|
Term
| What causes tree bark lesions in the aorta in syphilis? |
|
Definition
| ischemia from endarteritis leading to loss of elasticity |
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|
Term
| In syphilis aorta is it diffuse aneurysm or one location? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can syphilitic aorta lead to? |
|
Definition
| aortic insufficency and LVH |
|
|
Term
What stage of syphilis presents with gummas and what are they?
WHere are they most common? |
|
Definition
tertiary
they are granulomas
brain bone liver |
|
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Term
| What stage are nontreponemal antibody (RPR/VDRL) tests usually negative and in this stage what test should be used? |
|
Definition
during primary
do darkfield |
|
|
Term
| Which type of tests for syphilis are useful as quantifiers? |
|
Definition
| non-treponemal tests (VDRL/RPR) |
|
|
Term
| Which tests are non-quantifiable for syphilis? |
|
Definition
| the treponemal tests (FTA |
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|
Term
| What is the bacteria causing lyme disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is borrelia burgdorferi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is lyme disease spread? |
|
Definition
| hard ticks, lxodes especially small nymphs |
|
|
Term
| Which test is used as a screen for syphilis b/c it is cheaper, even though it is less accurate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the non-treponemal tests for syphilis detection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treponemal test studied? |
|
Definition
| FTA (flourescent AB test) |
|
|
Term
| What two seasons is lyme disease most common? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage of lyme disease presents with a red macular lesion (what is the lesion called)? |
|
Definition
primary lyme disease
it is called erythema migrans |
|
|
Term
| What occurs during secondary lyme disease? (4) |
|
Definition
| migrating arthritis, meningitis, neuritis, vasculitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of destruction during lyme disease leading to tertiary lyme disease? |
|
Definition
| synovitis that destructs the joint leading to chronic arthritis |
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|
Term
| What protien is present in the synovitis in lyme disease? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is often the presenting neurological problem of lyme disesae? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What disease and stage presents with onion skinning arteritis especially in brain and peripheral nerves? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gram stain of Rickettsiae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was rickettsiae once thought of as a virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is present in the wall of rickettsiae that is different then treponeum pallidum? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the outer layer of rickettsiae that makes it more virulent? |
|
Definition
| a slime antiphagocytic layer |
|
|
Term
| What stain is used to stain for rickettsia? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the life cycle of rickettsiae rickettsii and how does it differ from rickettsiae prowazeki? |
|
Definition
is phagosized by cell, aviods phagosomes, then leaves cell
prowazeki (typhus) lyses cell |
|
|
Term
| WHich type of rickettsiae has better prognosis? |
|
Definition
| rocky mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| What is the mortality rate of typhus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of lifestyle is lead by a patient that obtains rocky mountain spotted fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rocky mountain spotty fever spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the consequence of the vasculitis in rocky mountain spotted fever? Where is it located? |
|
Definition
petechia rash on wrists/ankles
and micro infarcts |
|
|
Term
| What disease presents with microinfarcts? |
|
Definition
| rocky mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| What do microinfarcts in rocky mountain spotted fever cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease presents with fiver, chills, myalgia, headache and a generalized rash on wrists and ankles? |
|
Definition
| rocky mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| When must the treatment of rocky mountain fever begin if it is suspected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the rash of rocky mountian spotted fever grow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the rash in typhus grow? |
|
Definition
| centrifugal (away from center) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference in the rashes between rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus? |
|
Definition
RMSF is petechia
Typhus is macular |
|
|
Term
| What is the number one cause of death in typhus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of test for syphilis will remain positive forever? |
|
Definition
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