Term
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Definition
| Biological, psychological, social, spiritual |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates a person's level of biological development and physical health, as measured by the functioning of the various organ systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has both behavioral and perceptual components. Behaviorally, this refers to the capacities that people have the skills they use to adapt to changing biological and environmental demands. Skills in learning, intelligence, motivation, and emotions. Perceptually psychological age is based on how old people perceive themselves to be. |
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Definition
| Refers to the age grade roles and behaviors expected by society- in other works the socially constructed meaning of various ages. |
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Definition
| Indicates the current position of a person in the ongoing search for meaning, purpose, and moral relationships. |
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Definition
| Is used to indicate the behavior that is expected of people of a specific age in a given society at a particular time. |
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Term
| Major themes of the life course perspective |
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Definition
| Used to understand the relationship between time and human behavior; which looks at how chronological age, relationship, common life transitions, and social change shapes lives from birth to death. Can be thought of as a path but not a straight one. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Is exercised individually, using person influence to shape environmental events or one's own behavior. |
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Definition
| Is exercised to influence others who have greater resources to act on ones behalf to meet needs and accomplish goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of personal power to achieve ones goals |
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Definition
| Live events or transition that produces a lasting shift in the life course trajectory. |
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Definition
| Groups of persons who were born during the same time period and who experience particular social changes within a given culture in the same sequence and at the same age. |
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Term
| Live events and stress (critique) |
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Definition
| Significant occurrences involving a relatively abrupt change that may produce and long lasting effects. Different life events have different stress ratings. |
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Term
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Definition
| The power of humans to use protective factors to assist in a self-righting process over the course to fare well in the face of adversity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic working unit of all the nervous system; nerve cell. All consist of a cell body with nucleus and a conduction fiber, an axon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The connection between each axon and dendrite is actually a gap. It uses chemical and electrical neurotransmitters to communicate. |
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Term
| How psychotropic mediations work |
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Definition
| Impact behaviors and symptoms associated with diagnoses of mental illness by affecting the levels of specific neurotransmitters and altering the balance among neurotransmitters. |
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Term
| Socio-economic factors affecting health |
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Definition
| This is like the health gradient. Those with lower income engage in disproportionately high risk health behaviors and lifestyles. More likely than those with more substantial incomes to be exposed to carcinogens, pathogens, and other hazards in the physical environment, and as compared to their wealthier counter parts are exposed to more stressors and have fewer resources to cope with stress. |
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Term
| 3 Parts of the Nervous system |
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Definition
| Central, peripheral, automatic. Provides the structure and process for communication sensory, perceptual and automatically generated information throughout the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| Spinal and cranial nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerves controlling cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory systems |
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Term
| Cultural influences on gender definitions |
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Definition
| Beliefs and attitudes about sexuality and sexual behavior???? Social constructionist perspective. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our conscious or preconscious thinking process. The mental activities of which we are or can become aware. Synthesizing information. Erroneous belief result from misinterpretation or incomplete info can lead to social dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A feeling state characterized by out appraisal of a stimulus, by changes in bodily sensation and by displays of expressive gestures, always consciously experienced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling disposition more stable than emotions, less intense and less tied to a specific situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiological manifestations of feelings. (ex. Facial expressions) |
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Term
| Piaget's theory of cognitive development |
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Definition
| Capacity for reasoning develops in sequential and interdependent stages from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learns to coordinate sensory motor activities, develops sense of objects apart from self, egocentric. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learns to apply rules to new incoming info, overgeneralizations, makes cognitive errors. |
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Term
| Concrete operational (7-11) |
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Definition
| Uses logic to solves concrete problems. |
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Term
| Formal operational (11-adulthood) |
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Definition
| Uses abstract concepts to solve real problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internalization of the world or an ingrained and systematic pattern of thought and action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responding to experiences based on existing schemata. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing schemata when a new situation cannot be incorporated within an existing one. |
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Term
| Information processing theory |
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Definition
| Offers details about how our cognitive processes are organized. |
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Term
| Sensory theory Gordon Logan |
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Definition
| Sees info as flowing passively from the external world inward thru the senses to the nervous system where it is coded. |
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Term
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Definition
| Such as Piaget's sees the mid as playing an active role in processing- not merely recording, but actually constructing the nature of the input it receives. |
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Term
| Social Learning Theory (Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura) |
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Definition
| Behavior is shaped by its reinforcing or publishing consequences and antecedents or also acquired by witnessing how the actions of others are reinforced. Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling mediation. |
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Term
| Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) |
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Definition
Unconditional stimulus (us)produces an unconditional response (ur).
When and unconditional stimulus (us) is paired with a conditional stimulus it produces a conditional response (cr). |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcing or punishing consequences. |
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Term
| OP- Positive w/ positive reinforcement. |
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Definition
| Add something desirable to increase or strengthen behavior. |
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Term
| OP- Positive w/ negative reinforcement. |
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Definition
| Take something away undesirable to increase or strengthen behavior. |
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Term
| OP- Positive w/ positive punishment. |
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Definition
| Add something to decrease or weaken behavior. |
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Term
| OP- Negative w/ negative punishment. |
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Definition
| Take something away to decrease or weaken behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vicarious learning- puts forth that behavior is also acquired by witnessing how the actions or others are reinforced. |
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Term
| Multiple Intelligences (Gardner)- |
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Definition
| all people have a unique blend of intelligence derived differently from information processing devices )(modules in the brain). |
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Term
| 8 Types of multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| Linguistics, Logical/ Mathematical, Visual-spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Naturalistic, Intrapersonal. |
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Term
| Kohleberg's Stages of Moral Development |
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Definition
| Moral development proceeds from the stages of egocentrism through abstract principles of justice and caring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, post conventional morality. |
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Term
| Pre-conventional morality |
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Definition
| Primary motivation is to avoid immediate punishment and receive immediate rewards. 1)Obedience and punishment orientation. 2) Self-interest orientation. |
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Term
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Definition
1)Interpersonal conformity orientation
2)Authority and social order orientation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1)Social contrast and individual rights. |
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Term
| Gilligan's 3 stages of moral development |
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Definition
| Survival orientation, Conventional care, integrated care. |
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Term
| Gilligan- Survival Orientation |
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Definition
| Egocentric concerns of emotional and physical survival. |
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Term
| Gilligan- Conventional Care |
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Definition
| defines the 'right' those actions that please significant others. |
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Term
| Gilligan- Integrated care |
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Definition
| actions take into account the needs of others as well as self |
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Term
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Definition
| Absolute thinking, overgeneralizations, selective abstraction, arbitrary inference, magnification, minimization, personalization. |
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Term
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Definition
| viewing experiences as all good or bad ad failing to understand experiences can be a mixture of both. |
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Term
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Definition
| assuming that deficiencies in one area of life necessarily imply deficiencies in other areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| focusing only on the negative aspects of a situation, missing the positive. |
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Term
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Definition
| reaching a negative conclusion about a situation with insufficient evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
| creating a large problems out of small ones. |
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Term
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Definition
| making large problems into small ones, thus not dealing adequately with them. |
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Term
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Definition
| accepting blame for negative events without sufficient evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Desensitization, Shaping, Behavioral rehearsal, Extinction. |
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Term
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Definition
| confronting a difficult challenge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differentially reinforcing approximations of a desire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Role playing desire behavior after seeing it modeled. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The ego is the source of attention, concentration, learning, memory, will, and perception. Ego moderates internal conflict but it also mediates the interactions of a healthy person with stressful environmental conditions. Key concept- healthy social functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| We respond to situations cognitively which leads directly to our experience of particular emotion, the social setting determines the types of emotion experience. |
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Term
| Attribution theory key concepts |
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Definition
| Unconscious appraisal, coping response, reappraisal label, Experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Capacity to regulate and use emotions. Key concept- emotional sensitivity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to evaluate emotions within a variety of social circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to an individual's belief in her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainment. Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soul, Organizing activity, Cognitive structure, verbal activity, Experience of cohesions. |
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Term
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Definition
| transcends time and physical self and material environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesize actions, experiences and feelings. The ego coordinates thoughts and feelings. Pulls on the subconscious feelings to bring them into conscious thought so the individual is more integrated and balanced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Self is part that makes out inner workings known to external environment. Focus of the commotions is interaction of persons and environment. Where the rubber hits the road is the language. The product of internal monologues (self-talk) and shared conversation with others. the product of what we tell ourselves about who we are. |
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Term
| Experience of Cohesion/ Self Psychology |
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Definition
| Recognizes the internalization of the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conceives of the self as experienced cohesion through action and reflection. The self is the self image or what each of is perceives when we look into the mirror. Not fundamentally cognitive or affective, but a mixture of both elements of the psychological self. |
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Term
| 3 Parts sense of cohesion results from their mutual development. |
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Definition
| Grandiose self, Idealized parent image, Twinship |
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Term
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Definition
| arises from the positive affirmations we internalize from others; it gives rise to out ambitions and enthusiasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| represents guidance from others, which results in our ability to be self-directed and to set goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| represents out natural social propensities to connect with others through this process to develop our individual talents and skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| What ever is happening with this integration is dynamically forever changing. Focus on the looping mechanism, the movement.. the self in process. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a psychodynamic theory of human development that considers our ability to for lasting attachments with others based on early experiences of connection with and separation from our primary caregiver. Considers ppl in context of relationships rather than as individual entities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The capacity to form trusting attachments with others. |
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Term
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Definition
- Secure
- Avoidant
- Anxious-ambivalent
- Disorganized
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Term
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Definition
| Able to express needs for closeness or attention, they are overly not preoccupied with security, they maintain proximity but explore and check in briefly. |
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Term
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Definition
| They suppress their expression of distress rather than face rejection, yet they try to maintain proximity; parents are emotionally unavailable, rejecting, or force indepentence prematurely. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fear abandonment, are hyper vigilant for threat cues or signs of rejection; parents are unpredictable and inconsistent in their caregiving and responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Display chaotic or conflicted behavior; incapable of employing any consistent strategy; parental experiences leave them feeling overwhelmed. |
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Term
Feminist Theories of Relationship
Psychoanalytical |
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Definition
Women's way of acting influenced by cultural and psychosocial conditions, differences rooted in early childhood relationships.
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Term
Feminist Theories of Relationships
Gender |
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Definition
Concerned with values of separateness(for men) and connectedness (for women) and how these lead to different morality for women.
Key concept: Feminine behavior vs. Masculine Behavior |
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Term
| Afrocentric Relational Theory |
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Definition
Assumes a collective identty rather than individuality, sees all social problems as related to practices of oppression and alienation.
Key concept: Invisible substance that connects ppl |
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Term
| Social Identity Theory- sense of identification with some groups vs. other social identity develops in 5 stages. |
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Definition
1. Naivete
2. Acceptance
3. Resistance
4. Redefinition
5. Internalization |
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Term
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Definition
| More about children. Children are curious about their differences. No social consciousness. Not aware of particular codes of behavior for members of their group or any other social group. |
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Term
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Definition
| More about adolescence. Small social groups. Learns about rules and social institutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Late adolescence. Has strong identity but is now learning there is more. Become aware of the harmful effects of acting on social differences. Begins to move toward a new social identity that is broader. |
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Term
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Definition
| Creating a new social identity where we take pride in where we come from, but find it interesting to learn about others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Final stage of social identity. Become comfortable with our revised identity and are able to incorporate it into aspects of our life. Act unconsciouly without external controls. Ongoing challenge rather than an end state. |
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Term
| Early nurturing and stress, coping |
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Definition
- Quality of early relationships is crucial to lifelong capacity to engage in healthy relationships and to enjoy basic physical health.
- Negative experiencs can lead to physical and emotional problems later on.
- Early experiences permanently alter our brain development and nervous system.
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Term
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Definition
| The capacity of the nervous system to be modified by experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any event in which environmental or internal demands ta adaptie resources of an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disturbance in the bodily system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cognitive and emotional factors involved in the evaluation of a threat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damaging event that has already occured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived potential for harm that has not yet happened. |
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Term
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Definition
| Even if we perceive as an opportunity instead of occasion for alarm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disruption of social unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common occurrences that are taxing. |
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Term
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Definition
Problems experiencing in the performance of specific roles.
SW should be alert to the social nature of stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| Certain disorders (psychotic and mood disorders) develop from interaction of environmental stresses and diathesis/vulnerability ( a genetic or biochemical predisposition to the disorder). |
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Term
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Definition
- Biological
- Psychological
- Harm
- Threat
- Challenge
- Social
- Daily hassle
- Role strain
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Term
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Definition
| Upset in equilibrium due to harm, threat, or challenge with which we cannot cope. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Level of tension increases sharply.
2. Try and fail to cope further increasing our tension and sense of being overwhelmed, receptive to help at this time.
3. Positive or negative ending of the crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
- Developmental (events that happen within natural flow of life but produces a change..having a baby, graduation, retirement.
- Situational (events that are out of your control).
- Existential (midlife crisis, questioning values).
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Term
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Definition
| Severe crisis or event that involves actual or threatened severe injury or death of onself or significant other, ppl respond with terror and horror. |
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Term
| 3 types of traumatic stress |
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Definition
1. Natural/technological disaster.
2. War/related problems
3. Individual trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| An unconscious, automatic response that enables us to minimize perceived threats or keep them out of our awareness entirely. |
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Term
| Different defense mechanisms |
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Definition
- Denial
- Displacement
- Intellectualization
- Introjection
- Isolation of affect
- Projection
- Rationalization
- Reaction formation
- Regression
- Repression
- Somatization
- Sublimation
- Undoing
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Term
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Definition
- Problem-focused
- Emotion-focused
- Rational coping
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Term
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Definition
| Is to change the situatio by acting on the environment. This tends to dominate when we view situations as controllable. Typical behavior: confrontation, problem solving. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is to change either the way the stressful situation is attended to (by vigilance or avoidance) or the meaning to oneself about what is happening. Typical behavior: distancing, escape or avoidance, positive reappraisal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes into account actions that maximize the survival of others. |
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Term
| PIE classification system |
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Definition
| Classification system-assessment of individuals ability to cope with stress around 4 factors (social functioning, environmental, mental health, and physical health) |
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Term
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Definition
| Search for purpose, meaning, and connection between self, others, universe, and ultimate reality: both religious and not-religious expressions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic set of beliefs, practices, and traditions experienced within a particular social institution over time. |
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Term
| Transpersonal perspective |
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Definition
| Proposes that some states of human consciousness and potential go beyond our traditional views of health and morality; to go beyond the self towards higher levels of consciousness. |
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Term
4 major forces in psychology
!st force: psychodynamic perspective |
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Definition
| Behavior determined by unconsciousness, instinctual needs to seek pleasure and avoid pain. |
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Term
4 major forces of psychology
2nd force: Behavioral perspective |
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Definition
Behavior determined by environmental forces.
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Term
4 major forces of psychology
3rd force: Humanistic perspective |
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Definition
| Behavior determined by need for self-actualization, fulfilling human potential to love, create, etc. |
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Term
4 major forces of psychology
4th force: Transpersonal perspective |
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Definition
Focuses on the search for meaning, specially targeting the spirit dimensions, transcending self. Means to going beyond identity to the individual body, ego, or social roles.
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Term
Fowler's stages of faith development
--basic idea |
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Definition
- Faith is understood as a verb, a way of being
- Early experiences set stage for later faith development
- Ultimate environment/reality-highest level of reality
- A persons view of relationship with ultimate reality is an evolving, dynamic process
- stage 6- universalizing faith
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Term
| Stage 6- Universalization faith (selfless service) |
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Definition
| Very few ppl reach this stage, reaching this stage exceedingly rare, these ppl are deeply committed to peace and justice, understanding that a threat to any living thing or individual is threat to whole, are actively involved in addresing injustice. |
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Term
Wilburs integral theory of consciousness
--basic idea |
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Definition
3 levels (or waves) of consciousness- Various development milestones that unfold within the human pysche.
- from pre-personal, to personal, to transpersonal
- Great "nest of being" a series of enfolding and unfolding spheres and spirals.
- self-system
- fulcrum
- Holon
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Term
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Definition
Naviagtes the levels of consciousness
- Observing self (I) and observed self (me)
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Term
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Definition
| Turning point when the self-moves to a different level on the developmental spiral. |
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Term
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Definition
The idea that every thing, person, and/or idea is simultaneously a whole (in and of itself) AND a part of some other whole
- the brain is a whole and part of the body
- the body is a whole and a part of self
- the self is a whole and a part of family
- the family is a whole and a part of the community
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Term
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Definition
- Distinguish between religious/spiritual problem and a mental disorder.
- Assess both positive and negative aspects of client's religious or spiritual beliefs and practices.
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Term
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Definition
| reaching a negative conclusion about a situation with insufficient evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Creating large problems out of small ones |
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Term
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Definition
| Making large problems small, and thus not dealing adequately with them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepting blame for negative events without sufficient evidence. |
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Term
| Strategies of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) |
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Definition
| Desensitization, Shaping, Behavioral rehearsal, Extinction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Confronting a difficult challenge through a step-by-step process of approach and anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differentially reinforcing approximations of a desired but difficult behavior so as to help the person eventually master the behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Role-playing a desired behavior after seeing it modeled appropriately and then applying the skill to real-life situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminating a behavior by reinforcing alternative behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A more balanced perspective on the influence of cognition and emotion in social functioning. This is conceived of as a parent from giving birth and not as a derived from the need to reconcile drives within the constraints of social living. |
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Term
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Definition
| holds that our experience of emotion is based on conscious evaluations we make about physiological sensations in particular social settings. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a persons ability to process information about emotions accurately and effectively, and consequently to regulate emotions in an optimal manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| Negating an important aspect of reality that one may actually perceive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shifting feelings about one person or situation onto another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Avoiding unacceptable emotions by thinking or talking about them rather than experiencing them directly |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking characteristics of another person into the self in order to avoid a direct expression of emotions. The emotions originally felt about the other person are now felt toward self. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consciously experience an emotion in a "safe" context rather than the threatening context in which it was first unconsciously experienced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attributing unacceptable thoughts and feelings to others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using convincing reasons to justify ideas, feelings, or actions so as to avoid recognizing true motives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Replacing an unwanted unconscious impulse with its opposite in conscious behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resuming behaviors associated with an earlier developmental stage or level of functioning in order to avoid present anxiety. The behavior may or may not help to resolve the anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeping unwanted thoughts and feelings entirely out of awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Converting intolerable impulses into somatic symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Converting an impulse from a socially unacceptable aim to a socially acceptable one. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nullifying an undesired impulse with an act of reparation. |
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