Term
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Definition
based on...
PHENO MANIFESTATION
*categorical- phenos in categories
*quantitative- phenos described on quant scale w/ cont distrib
GENETIC NATURE
*sit- affected by sm # genes
*polygenic- affected by many genes |
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Term
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Definition
1) AVG?
* use mean
2) IS MORE/LESS UNIFORM?
* use variance, SD
3) WHAT DOES ONE PREDICT ABOUT THE OTHER
* use covariance, correlation/regression coeff
4) PREDICT Y FROM X (OR THE REGRESSION OF Y ON X)
* use b(y,x) |
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Term
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Definition
*using mathematical data to answer questions
*something calc from data |
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Term
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Definition
*for animal breeding, any measure of an ind (as opposed to a pop)
*describes the attributes of an ind |
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Term
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Definition
*any measure of a pop (as opposed to an ind)
*describe attributes of pop
*EX: mean, co/variance, SD, correlation/regression coeff |
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Term
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Definition
*NOTATION: (p-bar, or mu)
*average of a pop |
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Term
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Definition
*NOTATION: σ^2
*mean of the deviation squared
*deviation from the mean
***variance α variation in pop
- the more variation a pop has, the more variance (0 |
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Term
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Definition
*NOTATION: σ
* √σ^2
*amount of variation that exists in a pop
-more intuitive than variance |
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Term
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Definition
*NOTATION: cov
*the mean of the product of deviations
*describe the direction of the relationship (+/-/no)
*foundation statistic, but not intuitive |
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Term
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Definition
*NOTATION: r(x,y)
*describes the strength and direction of relationship
*how well the pts fall on the line
*doesn't tell how to make a prediction (need a slope) |
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Term
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Definition
*NOTATION: b(y,x)
*tells us the exact value for the slope
*tells us the slope of a relationship |
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Term
| Determining the relationship of a data set |
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Definition
BEST FIT LINE
-strength represented by how many dots touch the line
SLOPE
+ relation: x data set and y have + covarience (if x is above the mean, y will be too)
- relation: covariance is - (if x is above the mean =, y is below the mean)
no relation: covariance can be - and/or + |
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Term
| relations of different covariance, correlation, and regression |
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Definition
COV (x,y) = COV (y,x)
r x,y = r y,x
b y,x ≠ b x,y
*b/c denominator changes |
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Term
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Definition
Yi = My + by,x (xi - Mx)
Yi: y value of ind
My: y intercept
b: slope
xi: x value for ind
Mx: mean pop x |
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Term
| Normal Distribution properties |
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Definition
*symmetric and bell shape
- σ = 68%
- 2σ = 95%
- 3σ = 99%
*ind w/ extreme phneo occurs less often than mod pheno
important in genetics b/c mendelian sampling @ many loci ==> seg and ind assortment |
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Term
| population parameter vs sample statistic |
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Definition
PARAMETER- true as opposed to estimated pop measure
STATISTICS- an estimate of a parameter made using a sample of total pop |
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