Term
| The two major categories of anesthesia ventilators are: _____ cycled and ____ cycled. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventilators can also be classified by _____, _____ mechanism, _____ mechanism and ______ classification. |
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Definition
| power source, drive, cycling, bellows |
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Term
| "double circuit" refers to what type of drive mechanism? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Pneumatic" refers to what type of ventilator classification? |
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Definition
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Term
| "ascending vs. descending" refers to what type of ventilator classification? |
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Definition
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Term
| Piston-driven ventilators are single/double circuit? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure or volume cycled type of ventilators: required frequent adjustments of tidal volume to compensate for changes in lung volume. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure or volume cycled: Compensates for the non-compliant lung. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Narkomed 6000 and Fabius GS are double-circuit/piston ventilators? |
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Definition
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Term
| The earliest ventilators were pressure/volume ventilators, and the _______ is an example of this. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common mode of ventilation is IMV/pressure control/volume control/SIMV, PSV? |
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Definition
| volume control (oldest type of ventilation, as exemplified by the Ohmeda 7000) |
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Term
| The Datex-Ohmeda 7900 has volume control/pressure control/both mode(s) of ventilation. |
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Definition
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Term
| With volume control ventilation, _____, ____ and ____ are set by the anesthesia provider. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Volume control is dependent of pt effort. |
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Definition
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Term
| With volume control, the flow rate is _____ at a constant amount during _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| With volume control on a low flow rate, incomplete excursion of the bellows/high peak pressure may occur. |
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Definition
| incomplete excursion of the bellows |
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Term
| High peak pressure can be seen on a volume control mode of ventilation due to too low/too high of flow settings? |
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Definition
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Term
| With pressure control, the provider sets the ________, and the ventilator quickly _____ pressure and ______ it until ______. |
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Definition
| inspiratory pressure, increases, maintains, exhalation |
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Term
| Anesthesia ventilators have a variable/fixed I:E ratio, so increasing the RR will cause increased/decreased inspiratory/expiratory time and an increased/decreased TV. |
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Definition
| Fixed, decreased, inspiratory, decreased |
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Term
| What mode of ventilation might be useful for a pt with one-lung ventilation or an uncuffed tube to help improve oxygenation and TV? |
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Definition
| Pressure control. Dorsch and Dorsch p. 317 |
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Term
| This mode of ventilation is often used to help wean pts from the ventilator. |
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Definition
| IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation). CPAP too. |
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Term
| With IMV, the ____ is preset and allows for pts to ______ between breaths. |
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Definition
| rate, breathe spontaneously |
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Term
| This mode is used when you're waking up a pt from anesthesia. |
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Definition
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Term
| This mode of ventilation has a spontaneous breathing time and a trigger time in which the vent checks to see that the airway pressure has dropped by a minimum amount. |
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Definition
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Term
| With SIMV, the operator sets the TV/MV and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| PSV must be used with ______ for PSV to function correctly. |
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Definition
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Term
| With PSV, the operator sets the trigger _____ and ______ to ___ - ____ cmH2O |
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Definition
| sensitivity, inspiratory pressure, 5-10 |
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Term
| Two types of ventilation that sense pt inspiratory effort. |
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Definition
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Term
| If PSV alone is used, what is a possible detrimental complication? |
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Definition
| If the pt does not initiate a breath, the vent will not give a breath, and the pt may become apneic and die. |
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Term
| This ventilator mode decreases the work of breathing, increases the FRC and compensates for leaks around an LMA. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Double circuit" refers to the _______ circuit and the ______ circuit. |
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Definition
| pt's breathing, driving gas |
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Term
| The bellows act as an _____ between the _____ system and the __________. |
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Definition
| interface, breathing system, ventilator driving gas |
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Term
| A chamber is where the _____ resides. |
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Definition
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Term
| At the beginning of inspiration, the _____ pressurizes the bellows, and closes both the _____ and the _____. |
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Definition
| driving gas, spill valve, exhaust valve |
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Term
| The spill valve/exhaust valve vents gas to the atmosphere. The spill valve/exhaust valve vents gas to the scavenger system. |
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Definition
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Term
| After the bellows expand completely during inspiration/expiration, excess gas from the driving gas/breathing system vents to the scavenger system/atmosphere through the exhaust valve/spill valve. |
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Definition
| expiration, breathing system, scavenger system, spill valve |
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Term
| The power gas supply system uses _____ to connect it to the anesthesia machine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Power gas supply, AKA ______ is _____ powered, but ____ controlled and usually uses ______. |
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Definition
| driving gas, pneumatically, electrically, oxygen |
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Term
| The driving gas supply has a standard psig of ____ + ____% or - ____% |
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Definition
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Term
| Venturi mechanism or Bernoulli principle: A drop in lateral pressure is caused by the rapid flow through a constricted tube. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ventilator controls regulate the ____, ____, ____ and ____ of the bellows or piston. |
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Definition
| flow, volume, time, pressure |
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Term
| A maximum limited pressure mechanism is AKA a ______ valve |
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Definition
| safety relief, or a pressure limiting valve or a driving gas pressure relief valve |
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Term
| The safety relief valve is located outside the ____ but inside the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The preset pressure limits on the safety relief valve are between _____ and ____ cmH2O/psig |
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Definition
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Term
| On a driving gas pressure relief valve, once the ______ is activated, the inspiratory phase ceases. |
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Definition
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Term
| With a pressure limiting valve, a _______ mechanism causes a disc to lift and vent excess pressure into the atmosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of safety relief valve on a ventilator causes the lungs to remain inflated until the cycling mechanism terminates inspiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bellows are classified according to the direction the bellows move during ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ circuit is inside the bellows and the ______ circuit is outside the bellows. |
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Definition
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Term
| Standing, upright and floating bellows is AKA |
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Definition
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Term
| Hanging and inverted bellows are AKA _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of bellows is used with contemporary electronic ventilators. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure in the bellows may be negative. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure in the bellows is always positive |
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Definition
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Term
| The low pressure alarm may not activate with this type of bellows. |
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Definition
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Term
| Air from the room may be drawn into the system at the site of disconnect with this type of bellows. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of bellows system has a PEEP value of 2-4 cmH2O |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The housing or canister of a bellows assembly gives a rough estimate of the TV. |
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Definition
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Term
| A disconnection or leak with this type of bellows will not allow the bellows to fill and provides a visual alarm. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Size of the drive gas port. |
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Definition
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Term
| Size range of the exhaust gas port adapter. |
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Definition
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Term
| The exhaust valve (ventilator relief valve and 3 other synonyms) communicates with the pt breathing system/canister, is open/closed during inspiration and is open/closed during exhalation. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ vents excess gas into the scavenging system through the _______ outlet during end inspiration/end exhalation |
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Definition
| spill valve/pop off valve, expired gas outlet, exhalation |
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Term
| The exhaust valve/spill valve is located outside the bellows and the exhaust valve/spill valve is located within the bellows. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: A piston ventilator does not have a use for an exhaust valve. |
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Definition
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Term
| A spill valve is necessary on both a bellows and a piston design ventilator because the ______ valve is closed or isolated during ventilator use. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ascending bellows design has a minimum opening pressure of ___ to ____ cmH2O before the spill valve is activated. This applies ____ in the pt breathing system. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: PEEP is not applied with a descending or piston ventilator system. |
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Definition
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Term
| This connects the ventilator to the breathing system and may contain a filter. |
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Definition
| Ventilator hose connection |
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Term
| Size of the fitting connecting the ventilator to the breathing system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most ventilators allow for direct setting of TV. However, if this is unavailable, how might you derive the TV? |
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Definition
| Set the MV and the RR. TV = MV/RR |
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Term
| TV control may be separate from other controls and part of the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Time-cycled ventilators tidal volume is set directly/indirectly by varying ______ and _____. |
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Definition
| indirectly, inspiratory time, flow |
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Term
| The minute volume can be set indirectly how? |
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Definition
| By setting the TV and RR (MV = TV x RR) |
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Term
| The minute ventilation is accurate to + or - _____%? |
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Definition
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Term
| The frequency is set indirectly by varying the _____ time and _____ pause. |
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Definition
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Term
| The standard for frequency regulation is that it is accurate to within ____breath(s) per minute or ___%, whichever is smaller/larger. |
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Definition
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Term
| Insufficient inspiratory time does not allow the bellows to make a full ______, while insufficient exhalation time does not allow the bellows to make a complete ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The inspiratory flow rate may be set indirectly by setting the TV/MV, _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The inspiratory flow rate is set with volume control/pressure control. |
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Definition
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Term
| This pressure limit may limit the pressure during the inspiratory phase and may decrease TV. |
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Definition
| Inspiratory pressure limit |
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Term
| A too low/too high inspiratory flow rate (set from the MV, RR and I:E ratio) may cause an inspiratory pause, elevated peak airway pressures and decreased TV. |
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Definition
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