Term
|
Definition
Clinical sign, not a disease
reduction in haemoglobin concentration |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of Anemia? |
|
Definition
| Regnerative and Non regenerative |
|
|
Term
| What is the sequel to peripheral blood cells? |
|
Definition
| stem cells->Progenitor Cells -> Precursor cells-> Blood cells |
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|
Term
| How do you evaluate Anemia? |
|
Definition
Total RBC
Haemoglobin concentration
Packed Cell volume
Corpuscular values ( MCV and MCHC)
Reticulocyte count
|
|
|
Term
| What two types of reticulocytes can you get? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immature red cells
quantitate erythrocyte regenerative responses. |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for PCV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range for serum total protein |
|
Definition
Dog: 58-76
Cat: 60-80 g/l |
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|
Term
| What are some of the adjectives for describing anemia? |
|
Definition
Macrocytic
microcytic
normocytic
based on cell size and mean cell volume
hypo or normochromic - based on mean cell haemaglobin concentration. |
|
|
Term
| Where might you see a normal macrocytosis |
|
Definition
poodles
cats with FELV
hyperthyroidism
cobalamin B12 or folate deficiencies. |
|
|
Term
| When might you see a normal microcytosis? |
|
Definition
iron deficiency ( with hypochromia)
animals with PSS
akita dogs
abyssian cats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much blood do you need to lose for it to be significant? |
|
Definition
| 30% of blood volume in a single episode- can cause death due to hypovolaemic shock. |
|
|
Term
| When will you start to see erythrocyte regen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Investigation of blood loss anemia? |
|
Definition
evaluate haemostasis ( plateley counts, PT, APTT, BMBT)
Diagnostic imaging
faecal and urinalysis
serum iron concentrations |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Blood loss Anemia |
|
Definition
Haemostasis
IVFT +/- blood transfusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
macrocytosis
hypochromia
blood smear:
polychormasia
anisocytosis
spherocytes
nucleated RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Id cause
IVFT
blood
iron defic - oral ferrous sulphate for months- NOT IF INFECTION PRESENT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
destruction of RBC, no iron defic. may result in jaundice-hb released from cell
Immune mediated vs. non immune mediated |
|
|
Term
| immune mediated haemolysis |
|
Definition
primary
secondary
-> intravascular and extravascular |
|
|
Term
| how can you differentiate between intravascular and extravascular haemolysis |
|
Definition
| intravascular will have heamogloninaemia and haemoglobinuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oxidative damage of RBC and haemoglobin- cell membrane damage
look like have little noses on ends of cell |
|
|
Term
| how do you investigate heamolytic anaemia? |
|
Definition
slide agglunitation, coombs test, spherocytes
biochem, haemotology |
|
|
Term
| is feline anaemia regen or non regen? |
|
Definition
| usually regen but if have concurrent illness, can be non regen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Id cause
immunosuppresive drugs
steroids
blood
oxyglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pure red call aplasia
- immune mediated destruction of RBC precursor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replacement of bone marrow with adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
| treatment for non regen anaemia |
|
Definition
bone marrow
blood
oral fe sulphate
CKD-> EPO
|
|
|
Term
| abnormalities of primary haemostasis |
|
Definition
1. vascular disorder: vasculitis, pancreatitis
2. thrombocytopaenia- increased desstruction, or decreased production
3. defective platelet function- DIC, FELV, liver disease |
|
|
Term
| circulating inhibitors of coagulation |
|
Definition
| heparin, FDPs, bleeding into cavities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ddavp- apparently shortens BMBT |
|
|
Term
| what can you see with VWFD in terms of prolonged tests |
|
Definition
| prolonged BMBT, low plasma levels of vwf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
males
hereditary
lacking factor 8- intrinsic pathway
increased ACT, APTT, PT and TT fine |
|
|
Term
| Canine IM Thrombocytopaenia treatment |
|
Definition
corticosteroids
vincristine |
|
|
Term
| what does warfarin effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- anticoagulant proteins and fibrin products
- removal of FDPs
-coag factors
- vit k needs bile for reabsorption |
|
|
Term
| when should you suspect DIC |
|
Definition
thrombocytopaenia, increased FDP, low fibrinogen
increase BMBT, ACT, PT, APTT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plasma or whole blood
low dose heparin |
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|
