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Andrew Cole
Medical Terminology
20
Medical
Not Applicable
02/23/2021

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Term
Q1 What is linear energy transfer (LET)?
Definition
When ionizing radiation travels through a medium energy is lost. The amount of energy lost per unit length of track (length of medium) is LET. Displayed in kiloelectron volts (keV) per micron (1um =10^-6 m). Basically keV/um.
Term
Q2 Wave-particle duality states that the x-ray photons have what mass and charge?
Definition
Photons have no mass and no charge.
Term
Q3 What are free radicals and at what LET level are they more likely to be made?
Definition
Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules that rebind with the surrounding tissue. Likely to be made at a low LET level
Term
Q4 What can cause complete chromosome breakage in the x-ray field?
Definition
Complete chromosome breakage can happen when high LET damages the same rung in the strand of DNA which leads to cell death.
Term
Q5 What is relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)
Definition
Relative biologic effectiveness is a way of testing how much stronger or weaker of a difference two shots are that have the same dose when producing a biological effect.
Term
Q6 What is radiation weighting factor (WR)
Definition
Radiation weighting factor is a factor that is given to a type of ionizing radiation in order to find the equivalent dose.
Term
Q7 oxygen enhancement ratio (OER)
Definition
OER is the ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived environment over the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions.
Term
Q8 What is a direct action
Definition
This is biologic damage that occurs as a result of straight interaction incident ionization of atoms on essential molecules such as DNA (aka x-rays mess up vital parts of the cell directly by messing with the molecules)
Term
Q9 What is an indirect action
Definition
This is when x-rays interact with water molecules. The water molecules release free radicals that affect other vital molecules that may lead to cell death.
Term
Q10 What is a point lesion
Definition
This is a single break in the DNA chain most likely a result of low LET
Term
Q11 What is a mutation
Definition
This is the loss or change of a base in the DNA chain that results in changes to the DNA.
Term
Q12 What is target theory
Definition
The target theory is that there is a molecule that is irreplaceable in your cells. If that molecule is damaged too much the cell will die.
Term
Q13 What is apoptosis
Definition
This is a programmed cell death that happens during the interphase portion of the cell life cycle.
Term
Q14 cell survival curve
Definition
This is a study to see the ability of cells to come back from varying types of LET values and doses that are recorded and put on a graph.
Term
Q15 law of Bergonié and Tribondeau
Definition
This law states that the radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation.
Term
Q16 what is interstrand cross-links
Definition
An interstrand cross-link is when a covalent bond forms between two parts of the same DNA strand
Term
Q17 What is Restitution
Definition
When the breaks in DNA rejoin in their original configuration with no visible damage
Term
Q18 What is Broken-end rearrangement
Definition
without much visible damage to the chromatids, this is when part of the chromatid breaks off two parts of the chromatid and attaches to the wrong strand.
Term
Q19 When does instant death of a large portion of cells happen
Definition
when a volume is irradiated with an x-ray or gamma-ray dose of approximately 1000 Gyt in a period of seconds or minutes.
Term
Q20 When does reproductive death happen and what is it
Definition
Reproductive death generally results from exposure of cells to doses of ionizing radiation in the range of 1 to 10 Gy. This leads to the cell losing its ability to duplicate itself
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