Term
| Which three deserts surrounded the Nile River? |
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Definition
| The Nubian desert, the Libyan desert, and the Arabian desert. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hatshepsut was the first female pharaoh, who lived in the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. One of her greatest achievements was simply gaining power. She demanded the same respect as a male ruler and filed her government with loyal advisors to stregthen her position in government. Mostly, Hatshepsut was known for Egyptian art and architecture flourishing under her reign. |
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Term
| How was the Nile River a favorable place to settle? |
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Definition
| It was one of the only source of freshwater in a land that was mostly desert. Flatlands next to the river made the place a favorable place to farm. Natural irrigation and fertilization were provided by the Nile River as well as thin ribbons that were washed along the banks. Wildlife flourished along the Nile River as well. |
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Term
| What were three examples of how the Nile affected daily life? |
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Definition
| One of the examples were farming, for there were flat areas along the Nile River's banks, fertile soil, and a lot of fresh water. Another example was hunting, for there were a plentiful amount of animals. Finally, the final example was craftmaking. A huge amount of plants grew along the Nile River, so people could weave reeds into baskets and make papyrus into paper. |
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Term
| How did the three environmental factors, water topography and vegetation affect where people chose to settle? |
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Definition
Topography was important because the shape of the land could enable farmers to grow crops (flatlands), was important for where people could build a settlement, and could serve as a barrier against enemies.
Water was a resource in which people could drink from, bathe and wash in, catch fish from, hunt other species, irrigate crops with, and transport with.
Vegetation was a source of food and a resource which products such as medicine, baskets, ropes, tools, and paper could be made from. Trees and other plants could serve as shade from the sun.
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Term
| What were the major accomplishment of the Old, Middle, and New kingdoms? |
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Definition
The major accomplishments of the Old kingdom were the pharaoh being being established as the central role and the pharaohs manufacturing many great pyramids, tombs, and monuments for themselves.
Middle kingdom accomplishments included many great works of literature, art, and architecture.
In the New kingdom, Egypt's power reached its peak, pharaohs increased trade and more monuments were built.
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Term
| What features made the Great Pyramid an extraordinary accomplishment? |
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Definition
| It was made from over two million stone blocks which fit together perfectly, tunnels in the pyramid led to dozens of chambers, and no one knows exactly how the Egyptians did the construction. The pyramid also took an estimated 20 years to complete. |
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Term
| In what ways did Egyptian art and architecture flourish under Senusrut I's rule? |
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Definition
| Controlled mines were loaded with gold, copper, and gems which were fashioned into some of the most exquisite bracelets and necklaces. Also during Senusret I's reign, the most greatest work of Egyptian literature (art column), "The story of Sinuhe", was created. |
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Term
| How did Hatshepsut strengthen her position in Egyptian society and kingdom? |
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Definition
| She filled her government with loyal advisors, demanded the same respect as a male ruler, wore men's clothing and the fake beard worn by males, spread stories her that her father was a god, and traded with other countries, especially the huge trade with the African kingdom, Punt. |
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Term
| What were Ramses II's most impressive achievements? |
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Definition
| they were being captain of the Egyptian army at the age of ten, signing the world's first peace treaty, and creating his gigantic monument, Abu Simbel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ramses II was a pharaoh who ruled during the New Kingdom and reigned longer than any other pharaoh, for sixty-six years. He was best know for his military leadership and his monuments. Ramses had more than 100 wives and 100 children. (360 in all). He was a fearless soldier at a young age. Ramses was captain of the Egyptian army at the age of ten. He made the world's first peace treaty with the Hitties. |
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Term
| How would the social pyramid of Ancient Egypt be described? |
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Definition
| The pharaoh, who was in charge of almost everything in Egypt would be at the top. The government officials, who were appointed by the pharaoh and had lives of luxury closely followed the pharaoh. Next came the priests, who also had lives of luxury. Scribes followed the priests, who had mediocre luxury. After that came the artisans, who were very skilled, though had more modest lives. Finally, cam the peasants, who had little to no comforts. The lower in the classes you went, the more people there were. |
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Term
| How were social classes of children given to them? |
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Definition
| They were determined by the social class by the social class their parents had before them. Besides scribes schools, it was impossible to get into another, higher social class. |
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Term
| What were the responsibilities of the three government officials? |
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Definition
The responsibilties of the vizier were to advise the pharaoh, appoint and supervise the other government officials, and serve as a cheif judge to judge the toughest cases. The cheif treasuerer looked after the government's money, though his main job was to collect taxes in the form of goods. (Egypt's economy ran on goods, not money). The General of the Armies advised the pharaoh in matters of war and national security and helped the pharaoh make alliances with other kingdoms.
*national security was the act of protecting Egypt's borders. |
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Term
| What were the priviliges or advantages of being a government official? |
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Definition
| The government officials had lives of luxury, fine homes, and loads of time to socialize. They had more luxury than anybody, excluding the pharaoh. |
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Term
| Why did Egyptians preserve bodies through embalming? |
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Definition
| They believed in life after death and thought the spirits of the dead needed their preserved bodies to proceed on to the afterlife. |
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Term
| What was invovled in the burial process? What steps had to happen? |
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Definition
| First all the body's major organs, except the heart, were taken out of the body and stored in jars. Both, organs and body were then dried out with a special salt called natron. Seventy days later, embalmers would wash and oil the body. Then, the body was wrapped in hundreds of yards of linen. The body was decorated with jewelry and protective charms. A mask was placed over the mummy's head. Finally, a black, goey gum was splattered over the mummy and the mummy was wrapped for the last time. Then the mummy was placed into a wooden box, placed inside of a sarcophagus. The coffin was buried with other items. |
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Term
| Where were scribes educated? How long were scribes educated for? What did they learn while they were educated? |
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Definition
| Scribes were educated in scribe schools. Schooling started at five years old and went along at least twelve years more. They had to spend those twelve years learning hieroglyphs. |
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Term
| Why were Hebrews herders instead of farmers? |
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Definition
| There were hills in Canaan instead of flatlands. Hills made farming tumultuous. |
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Term
| What huge and important river was in Canaan? |
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Definition
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