Term
|
Definition
The fifth king of uruk ruling for a period of 126 years.
He ruled about 2750 B.C.E. |
|
|
Term
Epic of Gilgamesh
[image] |
|
Definition
A poem from mesopotamia about gilgamesh and his adventures with Enkidu
Proven to be the first great work of literature in the world |
|
|
Term
Themes in Epic of Gilgamesh
[image] |
|
Definition
| friendship, loyalty, ambition, fear of death, and longing for immortality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief in or worship of more than one god. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one of the earliest known systems of writing
made with weedge shaped characters; 2000 symbols reduced to 300 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exchange by which goods or services are directly exchanged for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term Neolithic refers to the last stage of the Stone Age. The period is significant for its megalithic architecture, spread of agricultural practices, and use of polished stone tools. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the first metal used was copper that could be hammered into shapes for tools and jewelry.
early tools such as knives, axes, hoes, and weapons were made of copper. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1772 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. |
|
|
Term
Pessimistic views
[image] |
|
Definition
| The mesopotamians had a gloomy, unfavorable view of the world possibly due to the irregular, unpredictable flooding of the rivers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system of government where the pharaoh's power channeled through regional governers |
|
|
Term
women status in Egypt
[image] |
|
Definition
| much higher than mesopotamia. Women even had the ablity to become a ruler. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an independent city which has its own government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an influential wife of pharaoh. Icon for many women and cosmetic styles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, who reigned c. 605 BC – 562 BC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arc of land between Persian Gulf and Mediterranean |
|
|
Term
Sumerian science and technology
[image] |
|
Definition
sumerians invent wheel, sail, and plow; first to use bronze.
develop arches, columns, ramps, and pyramids for buildings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "seize the day" theme often presented in the Epic of Gilgamesh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a Semitic Akkadian emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creates Egyptian Dynasty and unites lowr and upper Egypt around 3000 BCE. Makes memphis capital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government based on religious authority as in Egypt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made with blocks of stone, 2-15 tons each; 481 feet high |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Uruk period existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia |
|
|
Term
Egyptian science and technology
[image] |
|
Definition
Egyptians invent calender of 365 days and 12 months, system of written numbers and a form of geometry.
Had skilled engineers and architects construct palaces, pyramids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| move into Egypt from Palestine; rule from 1630 to 1523 BCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process that prevents body from decaying. expensive deed to the pharaohs and rulers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Egyptians used this to make paperlike sheets for writing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the indus and Ganges river come together to form a flat, fertile plain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seasonal winds dominating India's climate. winter winds are dry while summer winds bring rain which can cause flooding |
|
|
Term
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
[image] |
|
Definition
| a clean civilization advancing in everyday necessities such as plumbing and a sewage system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By 2500 BCE, people build cities of brick laid out on a grid system city built on mud-brick platform to protect against flood waters. |
|
|
Term
Role of religion in India
[image] |
|
Definition
| Priests closely linked to rulers. some religious artifacts reveal links to modern Hindu culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| signs began around 1750 BCE earthquakes, floods, soil depletion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aryans entered the Indian subcontinent and easily became dominant ending the Harappan period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the southern part of Mesopotamia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the Babylon Empire fell , the Assyrians slowly took control of most of SW Asia. Later in the 7th and 8th centuries took over Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and much of Anatolia, and most of Egypt. |
|
|
Term
Nebuchadnezzar and the New Babylonian Empire
[image] |
|
Definition
| Babylon had power of Mesopotamia once again during the New Babylonian empire, King Nebuchadnezzar had lavish things in the city, hanging gardens have symbolized the luxuriousness from that point on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| around 3500 bce the Sumerians built wheeled carts and wagons that were used to carry heavy things for long distances . soon it became standard for many neighboring lands. |
|
|
Term
Social class in Ancient Mesopotamia
[image] |
|
Definition
| In Mesopotamia things such as agriculture enabled people to earn money and the distinctions between the wealthy and less defined the social classes as well as their occupational statuses |
|
|
Term
Temple communities
[image] |
|
Definition
| priests and many younger relatives to the ruler , priests lived in the communities and got offerings of food, drink, and clothing from the people of the city. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In ancient times education was to teach individuals to do a certain trade or craft ; vocational instruction |
|
|
Term
The Early Hebrews
[image] |
|
Definition
| were nomads who roamed around the lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt , when Mesopotamia started to prosper many of the Hebrew people started to settled in the cities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Also known as the Yellow River, flows in northern China and leaves loess- fertile silt- when it floods. |
|
|
Term
Patriarcial Society
[image] |
|
Definition
| Where the men made all the decisions in the family ( what job each family member had & marriage arrangements for members of the house ) public affairs and laws were all in the mens hands , men could even sell their wives and children to equal out their debts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the men that made decisions for the entire community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| came from the following three main sources: prisoners of war, convicted criminals, people who are so far in debt they sold themself into slavery. After several years of good service many slaves were released with of the purchase of their own freedom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| river found in southern china but not as destructive or worshipped as the Huang He. |
|
|
Term
China Geographical Location
[image] |
|
Definition
| China is geographically isolated leaving them self-sufficient and very inventive. The lack of trade made the Chinese assume they were the powerhouse and more civilized in the world. |
|
|
Term
North China Plain
[image] |
|
Definition
| area between two rivers, the center of civilization where the more wealthy lived. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yu was the firsy ruler of Xia Dynasty. his flood control systems tames Huang He. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1700 to 1027 BC, first to leave written records. Have massive walls for military defense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a capital city in China and one of the many built of wood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| family is central social institution; respect for parents a virtue. Elder males control family property. |
|
|
Term
Religious Beliefs in China
[image] |
|
Definition
| Spirits of dead ancenstors can affect family fortunes. Pracle bones used to consult gods; supreme god, Shang Di |
|
|
Term
Chinese developement of writing
[image] |
|
Definition
| writing systems uses symbols to represent syllables, not ideas. peole of different languages can use the same system. very large number of symbols and ddifficult to learn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in 1027 BCE, Zhou dynasty takes control of china. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bcomes new capital, but internal wars destroy traditions. |
|
|
Term
end of Ice Age influence
[image] |
|
Definition
| people became well established in the Americas, the islands of southeast Asia, and Australia. people started experrimenting with agriculturee so provide more food after climate change. |
|
|
Term
Complex social forms
[image] |
|
Definition
| developed after dicovery of agriculture along with the need for additional resources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is one of six areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first complex society in the Americas building a society on the rich agricultural harvests of their ancestors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another name for the Olmecs since they used these rubber trees for alot of products. |
|
|
Term
Mesoamericas food
[image] |
|
Definition
| Beans, chili peppers, avocados,, squash, gourds, turkeys, and small dogs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no large domesticated animals meant animal energy was not available. the Mesoamericans managed very well using human power for laor and trade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the necessity for these indicates the Olmecs had some social class system to detrmine who would construct these large public works. |
|
|
Term
Colossal human heads
[image] |
|
Definition
| (18 tons) carved from huge slabs of black basalt. believed to have required thousands of laborors to quarry, transport, carve and set in place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a very important trade for the Olmecs. Turned into decorative objects. |
|
|
Term
Olmecs abandonment reasons
[image] |
|
Definition
| archeologists believe that civil conflicts and a loss of religious faith might have caused the Olmecs to abandon their cities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Andes Mountains are the longest and one of the highest mountain ranges in the world. They are located in South America and stretch 4,500 miles. They provided deer, lama, and alpaca to early societies of south America. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They occupied the region that is now Peru and Bolivia. Also traded gold, silver, and copper. Farmers cultivated beans, peanuts, and sweet potatoes for food. |
|
|
Term
irrigation ditches
[image] |
|
Definition
| mesoptamia used theses ditches to control water and produce crops |
|
|
Term
Summerian City-States
[image] |
|
Definition
| In 3000 bce the sumerians built cities surrounded by fields of crops |
|
|
Term
Cultural Diffusion
[image] |
|
Definition
| (cross cultural exchanges) , process of one culture spreading to others |
|
|
Term
| The Gift Of The Nile[image] |
|
Definition
| the nile after the floods brought back water and silt, egyptians worship Nile as a god, light floods reducedcrops which caused starvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| land formed by silt deposits at mouth of rier; triangular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| landmass that includes India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain prayers, and spells, guides souls after death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dry plateau flanked by mountains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central buikdings of the city (fort) |
|
|
Term
Geographic Isolation
[image] |
|
Definition
| meant that china had to be self sufficient |
|
|
Term
medicine
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.crystalinks.com/EgyptMedicine1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptmedicine.html&h=466&w=700&tbnid=q2uo-eJlZP-ECM:&zoom=1&docid=z9s0FjtoiRlIvM&hl=en&ei=E4L0U-m4BvPjsASxsIGgBQ&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CB8QMygAMAA |
|
Definition
| Egyptian medicine was famous in the ancient world |
|
|
Term
| Grid Systemhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.markboulton.co.uk/images/portfolio/grid_pt1_1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.markboulton.co.uk/journal/five-simple-steps-to-designing-grid-systems-part-1&h=247&w=480&tbnid=VwQ729yMKlubCM:&zoom=1&docid=l1nUvuKCzxFvdM&hl=en&ei=9IL0U9e2Hq_nsASRn4HoCQ&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CC8QMygLMAs |
|
Definition
| Cities on the Indian subcontinent built cities of brick laid out like a grid system |
|
|
Term
| North China Plainhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://grist.files.wordpress.com/2001/10/china_map.gif&imgrefurl=http://grist.org/article/table/&h=167&w=200&tbnid=eNfp2kos3iwEDM:&zoom=1&docid=IpuXmxW8sMoRdM&hl=en&ei=b4P0U8qxG8W-sQS8_YBQ&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CCUQMygBMAE |
|
Definition
| Area between two rivers , center of civilization |
|
|
Term
Caste System
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2F7ecgd2ynhtI9aF66TSvmKPqWDR91VHLXsOojptQGCE7Jrz3O1bdoLQORfQMOk27VzkMEd-5SKCf6OqWEBRnMVxuCjrTkznA0MBwR9BivwW19S9b7My-0MIjvWg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fa%2Fwdsdvt.net%2Findia---titan-team-2013%2Fhistory-i%2Fcaste-system%2Fhow-the-caste-system-is-broken-down&h=1185&w=1122&tbnid=Yt0pkps7oodz8M%3A&zoom=1&docid=8t131qlxtpub4M&hl=en&ei=64P0U5-rJ5TIsASp4IH4Dw&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CCUQMygBMAE&iact=rc&uact=3&page=1&start=0&ndsp=6 |
|
Definition
| The Ayrans started the care system in India |
|
|
Term
Calendar Inscritptions
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Flukechandler.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F02%2F2010_07154daydigisrael0018.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Flukechandler.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F02%2F20%2Finformation-on-the-second-qeiyafa-inscription-coming-later-this-year%2F&h=1944&w=2592&tbnid=bfjIT4YHFnA0wM%3A&zoom=1&q=calendar%20inscriptions&docid=ysH75eHkqvB7MM&hl=en&ei=m8f0U8e4Eu7nsAS1pYKoBg&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CB0QMygAMAA&iact=rc&uact=3&page=1&start=0&ndsp=7 |
|
Definition
| are he only written hinges left by the olmecs |
|
|
Term
Early Andean Society
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cerickso/anth533a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cerickso/sylla533.html&h=258&w=389&tbnid=c1w9q1bKCccQ-M:&zoom=1&q=early+andean+society&docid=OzbqiS4q09AtRM&hl=en&ei=hsj0U8KLCJPlsATOioHABw&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CDwQMygVMBU |
|
Definition
| Occupied the region that is now Peru and Bolivia in South America |
|
|
Term
Chavin Cult
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/gallery/p11039501.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/sitchinbooks04_05.htm&h=224&w=170&tbnid=nXsq_bOcSbpMoM:&zoom=1&q=chavin+cult&docid=7hpYr_C0DiBJIM&hl=en&ei=0sn0U8OUO6jnsASbtIKoBw&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CB8QMygCMAI |
|
Definition
| term present historians gave the period 900 and 800 bce |
|
|
Term
Lapita
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/National_Museum_of_Ethnology,_Osaka_-_Reconstructed_Lapita_female.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Ethnology,_Osaka_-_Reconstructed_Lapita_female.jpg&h=4128&w=3096&tbnid=liVijgOmJtrQ1M:&zoom=1&q=lapita&docid=S-ZJyvpiDoP3zM&hl=en&ei=Acv0U9GQC8zIsASRkoKYDg&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CCEQMygEMAQ |
|
Definition
| Pacific Ocean people and society dating from about 1600 BCE to 500 BCE. |
|
|
Term
cheifdoms
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VBT5rdal538/UVRod2bwlSI/AAAAAAAAOO0/le7smgY15co/s640/Tribes%252BTswana%252BDuggan-Cronin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2013/03/tswana-are-niger-congo-or-bantu.html&h=400&w=279&tbnid=WlnZzAbOD1yLBM:&zoom=1&q=chiefdoms+definition&docid=h_cL98M2cjo8DM&hl=en&ei=M8z0U6WKB5LhsASV9oGQDA&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CCUQMygIMAg |
|
Definition
a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship |
|
|
Term
Obsidian
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://geology.com/rock-tumbler/gemstones/obsidian-snowflake-rough.jpg&imgrefurl=http://geology.com/rock-tumbler/gemstones/obsidian.shtml&h=263&w=380&tbnid=UDtJl9PqCm3BKM:&zoom=1&q=obsidian&docid=MIXDoMc00szn3M&hl=en&ei=bsz0U_WAF6zMsQTDwYHADA&tbm=isch&client=safari&ved=0CB8QMygCMAI |
|
Definition
is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock |
|
|
