Term
| What are the walls, floors and ceiling of the nasal cavities made out of? |
|
Definition
| bone and cartilage that is continuous with the nasal sinuses |
|
|
Term
| What separates the nasal and oral cavities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the nerve of all mastication processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the of all facial muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the infratemporal fossa and what passes through it? |
|
Definition
bw posterior mandible and lateral pterygoid process
-CN5 |
|
|
Term
| Where is the pterygopalatine fossa and what passes through it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the dentist put numbing shots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the orbicularis oculi do? orbicularis oris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a righting reflex? |
|
Definition
| positioning of the head in reaction to environment relative to the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-upper part of the cranium
-including temporal, parietal, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and occipital |
|
|
Term
| What is the facial skeleton? |
|
Definition
-lower part of the cranium
-includes nasal bones: palatine, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae and vomer. |
|
|
Term
| Where are the crista galla? |
|
Definition
| sticks out of ethmoid bone |
|
|
Term
| Which nasal concha can you feel? What do the concha do? |
|
Definition
inferior
warm air that come into the noseW |
|
|
Term
| What goes through the foramen spinosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes through the foramen lacerum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes through the foramen ovale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes through the carotid foramen/canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes through the stylomastoid foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes through the jugular foramen? |
|
Definition
| jugular vein, right behind carotids |
|
|
Term
| What are the pterygoid processes attachments for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What holds the sphenoid bone? |
|
Definition
-sella turcica holds pituitary gland
-optic foramen
-lesser and greater wings |
|
|
Term
| What processes attach to the temporal bone? |
|
Definition
temporal squama
zygomatic process forms part of arch
external auditory meatus
mastoid process
styloid process
stylomastoid foramen(VII)
mandibular fossa (TMJ)
petrous portion (VIII) |
|
|
Term
| What are the foramen of the temporal bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some features of the occipital bone? |
|
Definition
-foramen magnum
-occipital condyles
-external occipital protuberance attachment for ligamentum nuchae
-superior & inferior nuchal lines |
|
|
Term
| Describe the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone. |
|
Definition
| extends anteromedial to articulate with the zygomatic process of the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| describe the frontal process of the zygomatic bone. |
|
Definition
| extends superiorly to articulate with the zygomatic process of the frontal bone |
|
|
Term
| Describe the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. |
|
Definition
| extends posteriorly to articulate with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has a body, angle and ramus:
-ramus is quadrangular with medial and lateral surfaces and condylar and coronoid processes
*lateral surface is attachment for masseter muscle
-alveolar process is where teeth attach
-mandibular and mental foramen |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 movements of the mandible? |
|
Definition
protrusion
retraction
elevation
depression |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles articulate to cause protrusion? |
|
Definition
| lateral pterygoid with medial pterygoid |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles articulate to cause retraction? |
|
Definition
| posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of massester, and geniohyoid and digastric |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles articulate to cause elevation? |
|
Definition
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles articulate to cause depression? |
|
Definition
*gravity
digastriv
geniohyoid
mylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| What composes the maxillae? |
|
Definition
upper jaw
infra orbital foramen
alveolar processes on top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dense CT membrane filled spaces bw cranial bones of fetuses and infants
-major fontanels: anteriorm posterior, anterolaterals, and posterolaterals |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 fxns of fontanels? |
|
Definition
-fit through birth canal
-rapid growth of brain during infancy |
|
|
Term
| What foramen are in the cribiform plates on either side of the crista galli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the layers from external to internal of the SCALP? |
|
Definition
Skin
CT
Aponeurotic layer
Loose CT
Pericranium |
|
|
Term
| What is the innervation of the scalp? |
|
Definition
front part (ant to ears)- Trigeminal nerve (CNV)
posterior to ears- C2, C3 & C5 |
|
|
Term
| Scalp has a very rich blood supply? |
|
Definition
| branches of external carotid and opthalmic artery (which is of internal carotid) |
|
|
Term
| What is internal carotid concerned with supplying? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which veins drain the scalp? |
|
Definition
temporal vein (lateral scalp)
auricular vein (of ear)
occipital vein (posterior) |
|
|
Term
| What is the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck? |
|
Definition
posterior of ear- to mastoid nodes
anterior to ears- to parotid nodes |
|
|
Term
| What if lymph nodes are swollen and they hurt? don't hurt? |
|
Definition
-infection
-lymphacytic cancer |
|
|
Term
| What are the bones of the orbit? |
|
Definition
frontal
maxilla
zygomatic
zygomatic process of frontal bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the roof of the orbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medial wall of orbit? |
|
Definition
| maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid and sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the eyelid from anterior to posterior? |
|
Definition
skin
subcutaneous tissue
voluntary muscle
-ORBICULARIS OCULI (CNVII) closes the eyelids
Tarsus Lavator palpebrae superioris
-if problem here-ptosis (CNIII)
Conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| What is the condition where you cannot close you orbicularis oculi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the conjunctiva stop lining the eyelid? |
|
Definition
when it hits corneal edge
is reflecte on anterior surface of eyelid |
|
|
Term
| What is found at the base of eyelashes? |
|
Definition
sebaceous glands
-if get stopped up, get a sty |
|
|
Term
| What is the gap bw the eyelids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
batericidal NZ called lysozyme
-produce 1 ml of tears per day
-spread over eyes by blinking |
|
|
Term
| What does the fascial sheath of the eyeball connect to? |
|
Definition
-posteriorly to sclera at optic nerve entrance
-anteriorly to sclera
-blends with eye muscles
-suspensroy ligament |
|
|
Term
| What does he suspensroy ligament contribute to? |
|
Definition
helps hold eye in place on either side
-fascia and muscles contribute to this. |
|
|
Term
| What is the external ear for? |
|
Definition
collection of sound.
-ceruminous glands here in the external auditory canal |
|
|
Term
| What window is the stapedes connected to in the ear? malleus attachment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the auditory tube drain into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if give heavy doses of AB, gentomyocin what happens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What CN innervates the stapedius? TENSOR TYMPANI? (both muscles to ossicles) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What motions do the semicircular canals predict? utricle and saccule? |
|
Definition
-ya, pitch and roll
-linear motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-series of cavities in petrous portion of temporal bone
-divided into three areas
-semicircular canals (equilibirum receptors)
-vestibule (equlibrium receptors)
-cochlea (hearing receptors)
-lined with perilymph (similar to CSF)
-surrounds membranous labyrinth (surrounded by bony labyrinth) |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa? |
|
Definition
-sphenomandibular ligament
-medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
-maxillary artery
-CN V
-Branches of facial nerve CN VII
-Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) |
|
|
Term
| What do parotid glands secerte? what is this innervation? what process does this start? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest branch of the external carotid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of intracranial hemorrhages? |
|
Definition
-extradural
-subdural
-subarachnoid |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of an extradural hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
tearing of branches of middle meningeal artery
-typical is blow to the head
-pt has a lucid interval and temp loss of consciousness |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of the subarachnoid hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
| ruptured intracerebral aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| What are general causes of intracerebral hemorrhages? |
|
Definition
| primary aneurysm, hypertension, and bleeding after cerebral infarction |
|
|
Term
What does the Glasgow coma scale measure?
What is the difference bw decorticate and deceberate posture? |
|
Definition
alert patients and those in coma. (0-15, 0 is death)
-arms flexed up
-arms extended back (pt is getting worse) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 treatments of head injury? |
|
Definition
-prevent swelling
-IV corticosteroids
-surgical removal |
|
|
Term
| What are the compartments of the neck? |
|
Definition
vertebral compartment
visceral compartment
-thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, resp and digestive tracts.
vascular compartment
-blood vessels and vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck? |
|
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid muscle, inferior border of the mandible and midline of the neck
-strap muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is found on the posterior triangle of the neck? |
|
Definition
Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle,
anterior border of the trapezius
middle 1/3 of the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| What are key features located at CIII & IV? |
|
Definition
-thyroid cartilage
-bifurcation point of carotids to internal and external carotid arteries |
|
|
Term
| What are the key features of CV & CVI? |
|
Definition
-lower limit of pharynx and larnynx
-superior limit of trachea and esophagus |
|
|
Term
| What parasympathetic fibers in the head are carried out of the brain via what CNs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are distributed with trigeminal nerve? |
|
Definition
| oculomotor, glossopharyngeal, and facial |
|
|
Term
| What constitutes the cervical plexus, and what do they innervate? |
|
Definition
C1-4
-STRAP MUSCLES
-diaphragm
-skin on anterior and lateral parts of neck
-skin on upper ant. thoracic wall
-skin on inferior parts of the head. |
|
|
Term
| How can the lower airway be accessed? digestive tract? |
|
Definition
-through oral cavity by intubation
-through nasal cavity by a feeding tube |
|
|
Term
| What are valves that prevent food and liquid from entering lower part of resp tract? |
|
Definition
| epiglottis and soft palate |
|
|
Term
| What can babies do all at the same time? why? |
|
Definition
-can suckle, swallow and breathe.
-larynx is higher in their neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial fascua thin sheet of muscle
-grimacing muscle. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
investing
prevertebral
pretracheal
carotid sheaths |
|
|
Term
| What does the investing layer surround? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the prevertebral layer surround? |
|
Definition
| vert column and deep muscles of back |
|
|
Term
| What does the pretracheal layer enclose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the carotid sheaths surround? |
|
Definition
| -2 major neurovascular bundles on either side of neck |
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