Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy
NeuroAnatomy6-11
79
Archaeology
7th Grade
02/28/2012

Additional Archaeology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
excess CSF in intrancranial cavity
Term
Reasons for CSF excess
Definition
Lack of drainage, blockage, rare over production, decreased reabsorbtion,
Term
Communicationg Hydrocencephalus
Definition
due to impared CSF reabsorption in arachnoid granules,obstruction of flow in subarachnoid, or rare CSF overproduction
Term
Noncommunicationg Hydrocephalus
Definition
Obstruction in the ventricular system
Term
Symptoms of hydrocephalus
Definition
Headache, confusion, dizzyness, papillaredema, decreased vision, sixth nerve paralysis
Term
What is seen in children with hydrocephalus when their sutures are not yet fused
Definition
Buldged frontanelle shows the elevated intracranial pressure
Term
Sixth nerve paralysis
Definition
Minor can lead to lack of abduction of the eye when commanded
Serious can lead to medially deviated cross eyes
Can occur in one or both eyes
Term
Dilation of the suprapineal recess
Definition
Posterior 3rd ventricle pushes down on the collicular plate of the midbrain leading to Parinaud's Syndrome
Term
Parinaud's Syndrome
Definition
limited vertical gaze in the upward direction, sun setting eyes are usaully seen
Term
TX of Hydrcephalus
Definition
external ventricular drain, venticulopenitoneal shunt, endoscopic surgery, 3rd ventriculostomy (make hole in 3rd vent floor)
Term
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Definition
Triad of : mental decline, gait difficulties, urinary incontinence
Chronically dilated ventricles but normal pressure usually
Term
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
Definition
Swelling of CSF into damaged areas of the brain
Term
Most Common Brain Tumors
Definition
Meningiomas and Gliomas followed by pituitary adenooma, schwannoma, and lymphoma
Term
Adults tumors vs kid tumors (70/30)
Definition
Adult 70 above tentorium 30 below, kids 70 posterior fossa 30 supratetorial
Term
Most common tumor in children
Definition
Astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, followed by ependymoma
Term
How do posterior fossa tumors cause hydrocephalus
Definition
Compression of the 4th ventricles or aqueduct of Sylvius
Term
What tumors are associated with seizures>
Definition
Gliomas and meningiomas
Term
Gliomas subtypes
Definition
Astrocytoma I/IV, glioblastoma IV/IV
Term
Meningiomas
Definition
arise from arachnoid villus cells, are seen as homogenous growths between layers of the meningeas
Term
Pituitary adenomas
Definition
cause endocrine disturbances or compress the optic chiasm resulting in vision loss
Term
Tx of pituitary adenomas
Definition
dopamine agonists which will shrink tumor size and inhibit function
Term
Schwannomas most effect which nerve
Definition
CN VIII
Term
Lymphomas
Definition
arises from B cells and can grow near ventricles thus can be diagnosed by CSF
Term
Pineal Tumors
Definition
can obstruct aqueduct leading to hydrocephalus or can lead to dorsal midbrain compression and parinauds syndrome *RARE*
Term
Brain metastases can occur from where
Definition
Lung, Breast, Melanomas, renal cell, throid,
Term
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Definition
remote effects of cancer in the body leading to abnormal autoimmune responses
Term
Bacterial Infections
Definition
Cocci and Bacilli leading to brain abcess, epidural abscess and bacterial meningitis
Term
What are the 7 Meningeal Signs
Definition
Fever,Stiff Neck, letargy, senstivity to light and sounds, headache, Kernig's- flex at waist and straight legs causes pain
Brudzinski- flex neck leads to hip fexion
Term
Bacterial Meningitis
Definition
High WBC count, high protein, low glucose
Term
What test should be run following bacterial menengitis in young children?
Definition
Check for hearing loss
Term
How does a brain abcess present
Definition
Headache, lethargy, fever, nucal rigidity, nausea, vomit, focal signs, seizures.... ESR Elevated
Term
How to treat brain abscess?
Definition
Antibiotics, but if severe mass effect you can do needle aspiration to relieve pressure
Term
Epidural Abcess
Definition
Back pain, fever, elevated WBC, headache, signs of nerve root compression
Term
Tx for epidural abscess
Definition
Antibiotic certriaxone and nafcillin
Term
Subdural empyema
Definition
collection of pus usually stemming from a nasal infection or inner ear, under the dura
Term
Tuberculous meningitis
Definition
Headache lethargy and meningeal signs over several weeks
Term
Pott's Disease
Definition
TB involving the epidural space along with the vertebral bones, seen in IV drug users, HIV patients and areas of active TB
Term
CSF findings of TB
Definition
elevated WBC with lymphocyte prdominance, elevated protein and low glucose
Term
CSF findings of TB
Definition
elevated WBC with lymphocyte prdominance, elevated protein and low glucose
Term
Cat scratch Disease
Definition
bacterial Bartonella henselae can produce fever, headaches, seizures, and will see T2 bright areas on MRI
Term
Syphillus is caused by
Definition
treponema pallidum spirochete
Term
Asceptic Meningitis affects which CN's leading to palsy
Definition
Facial, optic, vestibulocular
Term
Meningovascular Syphilis
Definition
chronic meningeal involvements leads to arterititis of medium size vessels can can result in white infarcts
Term
Tabes Dorsalis
Definition
Spinal nerve roots in lumbosacral region are degeneratied of dorsal coloum--- high stepping gate, optic atrophy and argyll robertson pupils
Term
Argyll robertsons pupils
Definition
eyes will accomidate to near objects but will not react to light in pupilary response
Term
General Paresis
Definition
dementia, behavior changes, grandeur delusions, psychosis, upper motor neuron weakness
Term
Neurosyphilis dx
Definition
treponemes blood tests and CSF with lymphocye predominant meningitis
Term
Tx for Neurosyphilis
Definition
IV Penicillin G
Term
Lyme Disease cause
Definition
Spirochete borrelia burgdorferi
Term
Signs of lyme disease
Definition
rash, erythema migrans, meningitis, emotional changes, impaired memory and consciousness
Term
Dx of lyme disease
Definition
LP, serological,
Tx with IV ceftriaxone
Term
Viral Meningitis
Definition
common causes enterovirus, mumps, coxsackievirus, echovirus
Term
Findings in Viral Meningitis
Definition
High WBC, normal glucose, normal protein
Term
Most common cause of viral encephalitits
Definition
Herpes Simplex type 1
Term
Herpes simplex encephalitis symp.
Definition
psychoitc behavior, confusion, lethargy, headache, fever, meningeal signs, seizures, can lead to necrosis

Tx. Acyclovir
Term
Characteristic findings on EEG of viral meningoencephalitits
Definition
Periodic sharp wave in temporal lobes
Term
Postinfectious encephalitis
Definition
several days after a viral infection AI against nerve myelin in CNS
Term
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Definition
delayed and slow progression caused by measles
Term
Transverse Myelitis
Definition
can be caused by viral infections
Term
HIV associated neurocognitive Disorder
Definition
an aseptic form of meningitits that causes facial nerve issues and cranial neuropathies
Term
Cytomegalovirus common infection areas
Definition
Cauda equina and retina
Term
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath
Definition
Caused by the JC Virus and is a gradual demelyenator of the brain. See T2 white spots in posterior of brain
Term
Should be expected in any HIV patients with severe headaches
Definition
Crypotcoccal fungal infection, tx with amphotericin B and oral fluconazole
Term
Common HIV parasite infection
Definition
Toxoplasmosis
Term
Toxoplasmosis brain effects
Definition
abscess on MRI with a ring enhancing lesion, darker T1 center with ring enhancement after galiduium, edema from mass effect, seizures, headaches, fever, lymphocyte prodominantlym, focal signs
Term
Tx of toxoplasmosis
Definition
treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for 2 weeks and then recheck abscess
Term
Cysticercosis
Definition
ingestion of eggs of pork tape worms Taenia Solium, which leads to cysts forming in your CNS, muscles, eyes
Term
Tx of cysticercosis
Definition
Albendazole
Term
Fungal Infections
Definition
Aspergillosis and Candidiasis
Term
Rinocerebral mucormycosis
Definition
inhaled thru the nose and involves the orbit of diabetic patients,
Term
CC of rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Definition
facial weakness, vision loss, face numbness, eye paralysis
Term
What should never be given to a fungal infection
Definition
Steroids will exacerbate it
Term
Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease
Definition
dementia, hightened startle response, myoclonus, visual distortions and hallucinations, ataxia: increased sharp wave complexes
Term
How do you distinguish a tramatic trap
Definition
RBC from puncture will decrease in number from first to last draw, no xanthochromia (yellow tinge) in CSF if centerfuged immediately
Term
Guidline for tramatic trap
Definition
1 WBC for ever 700 RBC introduced
Term
Pterional craniotomy uses
Definition
Anterior circulation access, basilar tip aneurysms, cavernous sinus, suprasellar tumors
Term
Temporal craniotomy
Definition
more lateral approach used to decompress intracranial hematomas
Term
Frontal craniotomy
Definition
frontal tumors
Term
Suboccipital caniotomy
Definition
posterior fossa structure access
Supporting users have an ad free experience!