Term
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Definition
excess CSF in intrancranial cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of drainage, blockage, rare over production, decreased reabsorbtion, |
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Term
Communicationg Hydrocencephalus |
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Definition
due to impared CSF reabsorption in arachnoid granules,obstruction of flow in subarachnoid, or rare CSF overproduction |
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Term
Noncommunicationg Hydrocephalus |
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Definition
Obstruction in the ventricular system |
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Term
Symptoms of hydrocephalus |
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Definition
Headache, confusion, dizzyness, papillaredema, decreased vision, sixth nerve paralysis |
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Term
What is seen in children with hydrocephalus when their sutures are not yet fused |
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Definition
Buldged frontanelle shows the elevated intracranial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Minor can lead to lack of abduction of the eye when commanded Serious can lead to medially deviated cross eyes Can occur in one or both eyes |
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Term
Dilation of the suprapineal recess |
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Definition
Posterior 3rd ventricle pushes down on the collicular plate of the midbrain leading to Parinaud's Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
limited vertical gaze in the upward direction, sun setting eyes are usaully seen |
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Term
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Definition
external ventricular drain, venticulopenitoneal shunt, endoscopic surgery, 3rd ventriculostomy (make hole in 3rd vent floor) |
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Term
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
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Definition
Triad of : mental decline, gait difficulties, urinary incontinence Chronically dilated ventricles but normal pressure usually |
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Term
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Definition
Swelling of CSF into damaged areas of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
Meningiomas and Gliomas followed by pituitary adenooma, schwannoma, and lymphoma |
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Term
Adults tumors vs kid tumors (70/30) |
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Definition
Adult 70 above tentorium 30 below, kids 70 posterior fossa 30 supratetorial |
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Term
Most common tumor in children |
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Definition
Astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, followed by ependymoma |
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Term
How do posterior fossa tumors cause hydrocephalus |
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Definition
Compression of the 4th ventricles or aqueduct of Sylvius |
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Term
What tumors are associated with seizures> |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Astrocytoma I/IV, glioblastoma IV/IV |
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Term
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Definition
arise from arachnoid villus cells, are seen as homogenous growths between layers of the meningeas |
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Term
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Definition
cause endocrine disturbances or compress the optic chiasm resulting in vision loss |
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Term
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Definition
dopamine agonists which will shrink tumor size and inhibit function |
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Term
Schwannomas most effect which nerve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
arises from B cells and can grow near ventricles thus can be diagnosed by CSF |
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Term
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Definition
can obstruct aqueduct leading to hydrocephalus or can lead to dorsal midbrain compression and parinauds syndrome *RARE* |
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Term
Brain metastases can occur from where |
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Definition
Lung, Breast, Melanomas, renal cell, throid, |
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Term
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Definition
remote effects of cancer in the body leading to abnormal autoimmune responses |
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Term
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Definition
Cocci and Bacilli leading to brain abcess, epidural abscess and bacterial meningitis |
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Term
What are the 7 Meningeal Signs |
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Definition
Fever,Stiff Neck, letargy, senstivity to light and sounds, headache, Kernig's- flex at waist and straight legs causes pain Brudzinski- flex neck leads to hip fexion |
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Term
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Definition
High WBC count, high protein, low glucose |
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Term
What test should be run following bacterial menengitis in young children? |
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Definition
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Term
How does a brain abcess present |
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Definition
Headache, lethargy, fever, nucal rigidity, nausea, vomit, focal signs, seizures.... ESR Elevated |
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Term
How to treat brain abscess? |
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Definition
Antibiotics, but if severe mass effect you can do needle aspiration to relieve pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Back pain, fever, elevated WBC, headache, signs of nerve root compression |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic certriaxone and nafcillin |
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Term
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Definition
collection of pus usually stemming from a nasal infection or inner ear, under the dura |
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Term
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Definition
Headache lethargy and meningeal signs over several weeks |
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Term
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Definition
TB involving the epidural space along with the vertebral bones, seen in IV drug users, HIV patients and areas of active TB |
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Term
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Definition
elevated WBC with lymphocyte prdominance, elevated protein and low glucose |
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Term
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Definition
elevated WBC with lymphocyte prdominance, elevated protein and low glucose |
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Term
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Definition
bacterial Bartonella henselae can produce fever, headaches, seizures, and will see T2 bright areas on MRI |
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Term
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Definition
treponema pallidum spirochete |
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Term
Asceptic Meningitis affects which CN's leading to palsy |
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Definition
Facial, optic, vestibulocular |
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Term
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Definition
chronic meningeal involvements leads to arterititis of medium size vessels can can result in white infarcts |
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Term
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Definition
Spinal nerve roots in lumbosacral region are degeneratied of dorsal coloum--- high stepping gate, optic atrophy and argyll robertson pupils |
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Term
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Definition
eyes will accomidate to near objects but will not react to light in pupilary response |
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Term
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Definition
dementia, behavior changes, grandeur delusions, psychosis, upper motor neuron weakness |
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Term
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Definition
treponemes blood tests and CSF with lymphocye predominant meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Spirochete borrelia burgdorferi |
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Term
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Definition
rash, erythema migrans, meningitis, emotional changes, impaired memory and consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
LP, serological, Tx with IV ceftriaxone |
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Term
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Definition
common causes enterovirus, mumps, coxsackievirus, echovirus |
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Term
Findings in Viral Meningitis |
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Definition
High WBC, normal glucose, normal protein |
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Term
Most common cause of viral encephalitits |
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Definition
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Term
Herpes simplex encephalitis symp. |
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Definition
psychoitc behavior, confusion, lethargy, headache, fever, meningeal signs, seizures, can lead to necrosis
Tx. Acyclovir |
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Term
Characteristic findings on EEG of viral meningoencephalitits |
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Definition
Periodic sharp wave in temporal lobes |
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Term
Postinfectious encephalitis |
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Definition
several days after a viral infection AI against nerve myelin in CNS |
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Term
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
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Definition
delayed and slow progression caused by measles |
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Term
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Definition
can be caused by viral infections |
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Term
HIV associated neurocognitive Disorder |
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Definition
an aseptic form of meningitits that causes facial nerve issues and cranial neuropathies |
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Term
Cytomegalovirus common infection areas |
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Definition
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Term
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath |
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Definition
Caused by the JC Virus and is a gradual demelyenator of the brain. See T2 white spots in posterior of brain |
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Term
Should be expected in any HIV patients with severe headaches |
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Definition
Crypotcoccal fungal infection, tx with amphotericin B and oral fluconazole |
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Term
Common HIV parasite infection |
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Definition
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Term
Toxoplasmosis brain effects |
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Definition
abscess on MRI with a ring enhancing lesion, darker T1 center with ring enhancement after galiduium, edema from mass effect, seizures, headaches, fever, lymphocyte prodominantlym, focal signs |
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Term
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Definition
treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for 2 weeks and then recheck abscess |
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Term
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Definition
ingestion of eggs of pork tape worms Taenia Solium, which leads to cysts forming in your CNS, muscles, eyes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Aspergillosis and Candidiasis |
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Term
Rinocerebral mucormycosis |
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Definition
inhaled thru the nose and involves the orbit of diabetic patients, |
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Term
CC of rhinocerebral mucormycosis |
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Definition
facial weakness, vision loss, face numbness, eye paralysis |
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Term
What should never be given to a fungal infection |
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Definition
Steroids will exacerbate it |
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Term
Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease |
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Definition
dementia, hightened startle response, myoclonus, visual distortions and hallucinations, ataxia: increased sharp wave complexes |
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Term
How do you distinguish a tramatic trap |
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Definition
RBC from puncture will decrease in number from first to last draw, no xanthochromia (yellow tinge) in CSF if centerfuged immediately |
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Term
Guidline for tramatic trap |
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Definition
1 WBC for ever 700 RBC introduced |
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Term
Pterional craniotomy uses |
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Definition
Anterior circulation access, basilar tip aneurysms, cavernous sinus, suprasellar tumors |
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Term
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Definition
more lateral approach used to decompress intracranial hematomas |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
posterior fossa structure access |
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