Retroperitoneal structures:

IVC & biforcation

Aorta & biforcation

Kidney and urinary system

Suprarenal glands

Muscles forming posterior abdominal wall

Diaphragm:

1) serous membrane of superior part

2) muscle composition

3) domes

4) associated thoracic recess?

5) x sections involve what cavities?

6) forms part of...

1) covered superiorly by parietal pluera and parietal peritoneum

2) thin voluntary skeletal muscles inc post. diaphragm

3) R and L dome, not at same level, R higher

4) costodiaphragmatic recess

5) x sections involve thoracic and abdominal cavity

6) forms part of posterior abdominal wall

Arcs of Diaphragm:

1) Median Arcuate Ligament

2) Medial arcuate ligament

What runs deep?

3) lateral arcuate ligament

what runs deep?

1) over aortic aperature, T12

2) more laterally, bilat.  Psoas major passes deep to this arc.

3) larger, even more lateral, bilat accomadates quadratus lumborum which runs deep to it.

Muscles that make up posterior abdominal wall (4):

1) diaphragm

2) psoas major, bilat

3) quadratus laborum, bilat

4)transversus abdominus, bilat

O: Inferior thoracic aperature

I: central tendon

R and L Crus of Diaphragm

1) arise

2) contribute to

1) L2, L3 level

2) median arcuate ligament

structures passing through diaphragm:

anterior to posterior

1) IVC, T8

2) Esophagus, T10

3) Aorta, T12 **actually passes posterior to diaphragm, resting on bodies of vertebre

Psoas Major (part of iliopsoas muscle)

1) fnction and location

2) origin

3) cross hip joint..

4) muscle belly runs deep/posterior to...

5) insertion

6) goes through...

1) Muscle of lower extremity, bilat, but in posterior wall of abdomin.  MAJOR flexor of hip joint: femor anteriorly.

With psoas minor: flexion & lateral flexion of lumbar vertebral column.

2) T12 to L4

3) anteriorly

4) inguinal ligament

5) lesser trochanter of femur

6) median arcuate ligament

Iliacus muscle (part of iliopsoas muscle)

1) origin

2) fibers join...

3) runs deep to...

4) function

5) not associated with

6)

1) from iliac fossa of hip, within pelvic cavity

2) fibers join psoas major muscle

3) runs deep to inguinal ligament, inserting on lesser trochanter

4) flexor of hip (hip anteriorly)

5) posterior abdom wall

Quadratus Lumborum

1) location

2) bony attachments

3) shape

4) function

1) lateral to psoas major in lumbar region, posterior to lumbar curve

2)  to 12th rib, iliac crest, vertebre

3) broad and flat

4) extensor of lumbar vertebral column, works with erector spinae group

-TA are more lateral

Kidneys:

1) relationship to each other

2) why?

3) protection by ribs

4) muscles posterior to kidney(kidney rests on them), medial to lateral

1) L kidney superior to R kidney

(L suprarenal gland superior to R suprarenal)

2) due to liver in RUQ pushing R. kidney down

3) not completely protected.  12th rib (11th and 12 on L side) protects, still inferior portion of kidney exposed

4) psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominus

Surface of Kidney

1) direct surface

2) renal fascia...where is it and what does it do?

NOT PARIETAL PERITONEUM...NOT A SEROUS MEMBRANE.

1) Just connective tissue capusule.

2) renal fascia not directly on kidney: separates two fat spaces: perirenal fat interior to fascia  pararenal fat ext. to fascia...(protective adipose layer)

Associated organs:

R Kidney

1) anterior surface

2) suprerior/ medial surface

3) inferior

L Kidney

1) L curve

2) anterior

3) superior, medial

1) liver

2) suprarenal gland

3) colic felxure, duodenum

1) spleen and descending colon

2) pancreas

3) suprarenal

Suprarenal Gland

1) shape

2) looks like...

3) What type of organ?

4) layers

5) locatin on kidney

1) Triangular shape

2) Looks like hunk of fat (easy to miss)

3) Endocrine organ (great blood supply!)

4) inner=medulla, outer=cortex, connective tissue capsule

5) superior, medial on Kidneys

Internal Kidney

1) outer layer

2) drainage

3)hylus

1) Cortex

2) pyramids>minor calix>major calix>renal pelvis>ureter

3)renal arterie and veins, ureter

Lumbar Plexus

1) within...

2) related to...

1) psoas major

2) sacral plexus in true pelvis