Superior: superior thoracic aperature

Inferior: respiratory diaphram

Anterior: Sternum

Posterior: Bodies of T1-T12

Lateral: Mediastinal parietal pluera

1. whats the divider between the superior and inferior medistinum

2. where is it located

1. The transverse thoracic plane

2. its a horizontal imaginary line that goes through the sternal angle and  the IV disc b/w T4 and T5

1. Anterior

2. Middle- (heart)

3. Posterior

Serous Membranes

1. Structure

2. Function

1. Mesothelium-simple squamous epithelium

-connective tissue

-single layer of cells

2. Secrete Serous Fluid: Lubricant

* remember-no matterwhere it is located it is always the same histologicaly 

Serous Membranes terminology

1. visceral layer

2. Parietal layer

1. directly on the surface of an organ

2. Lines a cavity

3 serous membranes

names and associations

1. Pleura: assoc. w/ the lungs

2. Pericardium: assoc w/ heart

3. Peritoneum: assoc. w/ abdominopelvic viscera

Parietal and visceral pleura terminology

1. cervical

2. mediastinal

3. diaphragmatic

4. costal

1. superior part that protrudes into the root of the neck

2.  medial, adjacent to   mediastinum

3. adjacent to respiratory   diaphragm

4.  adjacent to the ribs…anterior,   lateral & posterior

Parts of the parietal pleura

4

1. Cervical pleura

2. Mediastinal part- Lateral borders of the mediastinum

3. Costal part

4. Diaphramatic part

Lungs vs. Pleura

1. at th midclavicular line

2. at the midaxillary line

3. at the scapular line

1. lungs- extend down to the 6th rib

Pleura- extends down to the 8th rib

2. Lungs- extend down to the 8th rib

Pleura- extends dorn to the 10th rib

3. Lungs- 10th rib

Pleura- 12th rib

Costodiaphrigmatic recess

1. what is it

2. location

3. 2 borders or parts of this recess (2 borders of this space)

1. part of the pleural cavity

2. inferior to the lung, more pronounced space posteriorly than anteriorly

3)1. Diaphragmatic parietal pluera

2. Costal parietal pleura

*this is a space where luid can gather

1. rt. lung has

2. Left lung has

1. -3 lobes

-horizontal fissure- b/w the superior and middle lobe

-Oblique fissure- b/w middle and inferior lobe

2. 2 lobes

-Oblique fissure-b/w sup and inf lobes

-mediastinum inbetween r and l lung

1. lungs extend farthest inferiorly

2. inferior border or surface of lung also called

3. the oblique fissure cuts through

1. posteriorly

2. the base or the diaphramatic surface

3. the base of the lung

1. the right lobe of the diaphram and the Liver

-the base of the lungs are concave

-lungs are like a sponge, structures make impresions in the spongy tissue

Hilus of lung

1. whats located here

P3 LVB

Hilus-where vessels and nerves enter or exit an organ.

1. Primary Bronchus

2. Pulmonary Artery- to the lung with deoxoginated blood

3. Pulmonary Vein- oxoginated blood to the heart

4. Lymphatics

5. Visceral Nerves-ANS

6. Bronchial vessels

Left Lung

1. structure unique to the base of the left lung

2. Grooves in tissue

1. Lingula on the anterior base

2. Deep groove for the arch of the aorta and deep impression for the heart

Base- liver and rt diaphramatic dome

medial- superior vena cava, arch of theazygos vein, esophagus

-anterior to esophagus

-bifurcates at the level of the sternal angle into R. and L. primary or main Bronchi

ie- trachea is located in the superior mediastinum, bt not in the inferior mediastinum

1. right lung shape

2. left lung shape

1. short and wide, due to the r. diaphramatic dome extending higher

2. long and skinny (attenuated) due to the heart imposing medially

1. Cartilage on inferior trachea

2. Primary bronchi

1. Carina- point where the trachea divides

2. each one takes air in and out of one lung

-have hyaline cartilage for support

1. Right primary Bronchus

2. Left primary Bronchus

1. Wider, Shorter and more direct in line with the trachea

2. Longer, narrower and a sharper angle off of the trachea

ie-better chance of something that is aspirated getting lodged in the right Bronchus

Branches of the bronchial tree

6

1.Primary bronchi

2.secondary bronchi

3. tertiary bronchi

4. bronchioles

5.TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES

6. as the bronchial tree divides, what divides with it

these are all air conduction(no gas exchange)

1. ventilate one lung each, have hyaline cartilage

2. ventilate one lobe each (3 on R, 2 on left) have hyaline cartilage

3. ventilate one bronchopulmonary segment each(10 on each side)

4.have hyaline cartiage

5. cartilage is removed, smooth muscle that control the lumen of airway

6. the pulmonary vessels divide with it

Respiratory portion of the respritory system

(gas exchange, O2 for CO2 etc)

the terminal bronchiole leads into these 3 structures

respiratory bronchiole

alveolar duct

alveolar sac

1. Thoracentesis

2. Pneumothorax

3. Hemothorax

1. surgical puncture of the thorax

2. hole allows air to rush into the plueral cavity, pressure in the plueral cavity exceeds pressure in the alvioli causing lung to collapse (normal=pressure in the plueral cavity should be less than pressure in the alvioli, whether inhaleing or exhaling)

3. same as a pneumo, but blood causes pressure rather than air