Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

Cerebrum 

1. Conscious thought processes, intelectual functions

2. Memory storage and processing

3. Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions 

Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

Diencephalon 

-Thalamus

Relay and processing centers for sensory information 

Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

Diencephalon 

-Hypothalamus

Centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production

Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

1. Processing of visual and auditory data

2. Generation of relexive somatic motor responses

3. maintenance of consciousness 

Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

1.Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus

2. Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers 

Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

1.Relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem 

2. Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activites) 

Figure 16-1 Major divisions of the Brain

1.Coordinates complex somatic motor patters 

2.Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord

Table 16-2 Medulla -medulla is for relay stations

-nuclei for cranial nerves

Reflex Centers 

Cardiac centers 

Regulate heart rate and force of contraction 

Table 16-2 Medulla -medulla is for relay stations

-nuclei for cranial nerves

Reflex Centers 

Vasomotor centers 

Regulate distribution of blood flow 

Table 16-2 Medulla -medulla is for relay stations

-nuclei for cranial nerves

Reflex Centers 

respiratory rhythmicity centers 

Set the pace of respiratory movements 

Table 16-2 Medulla -medulla is for relay stations

-nuclei for cranial nerves

White Matter 

ascending and descending tracts 

Link the brain with the spinal cord 

Table 16-3 Pons

Gray matter 

Respiratory centers 

Modify output of respiratory centers in the medula oblongata 

Table 16-3 Pons

Gray matter 

Other nuclei/centers 

Nuclei associated with four cranial nerves and cerebellum 

Table 16-3 Pons

White matter 

ascending and descending tracts 

interconnect other portions of CNS 

Table 16-3 Pons

White matter 

transverse fibers 

interconnect cerebellar hemishperes; interconnect pontine nuclei with the cerebellar hemishperes on the opposite side 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

Gray matter 

-tectum (roof)

Superior colliculi 

Integrate visual information with other sensory input; initiate reflex responses to visual stimuli 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

Gray matter 

-tectum (roof)

inferior colliculi 

Relay auditory information to medial geniculate nuclei; initiate reflex responses to auditory stimuli 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

Gray matter 

-Walls and floor 

Red nuclei 

Involuntary control of background muscle tone and limb position 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

Gray matter 

-Walls and floor 

Substantia nigra 

regulates activity in the basalnuclei 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

Gray matter 

-Walls and floor 

reticular formation 

Automatic processing of incoming sensations and outgoing motor commands; can initiate mtor repsonses to stimuli; helps maintain consciousness 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

Gray matter 

-Walls and floor 

Other nuclei/centers 

Nuclei assciated with two cranial nerves (N III, N IV) 

Table 16-4 Mesencephalon

White matter 

Cerebral peduncles 

connect primary motor cortex with motor neurons in brain and spinal cord; carry ascending sensroy information to thalamus 

Table 16-7 Cerebellum

Gray matter 

Cerebellar cortex 

Subconscious coordination and control of ongoing movements of body parts 

Table 16-7 Cerebellum

Gray matter 

Subconscious coordination and control of ongoing movements of body parts 

Table 16-7 Cerebellum 

White matter 

Arbor vitae 

connects cerebellar cortex and nuclei with cerebellar peduncles 

Table 16-7 Cerebellum 

White matter 

Cerebellar peduncles 

Superior 

Link the cerebellum with the mesencephalon, diencephelon, and cerebrum 

Table 16-7 Cerebellum 

White matter 

Cerebellar peduncles 

Middle 

Contain transverse fibers and carry communications between the cerebelum and pons 

Table 16-7 Cerebellum 

White matter 

Cerebellar peduncles 

Inferior 

Link the cerebellum with the medulla oblongata and spinal cord 

Table 16.8 The Cerebral Cortex

Frontal lobe 

Primary motor cortex 

conscious control of skeletal muscles 

Table 16.8 The Cerebral Cortex

Parietal lobe 

primary sensory cortex 

Table 16.8 The Cerebral Cortex

Occipital lobe 

Visual cortex 

Conscious perception of visual stimuli 

Table 16.8 The Cerebral Cortex

Temporal lobe 

Auditory cortex and olfactory cortex 

Conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli 

Table 16.8 The Cerebral Cortex

All lobes 

Association areas 

Integration and processing of sensory data; processing and initiation of motor activites 

Table 16-10 Basal nuclei

Caudate nucleus 

Lentiform nucleus 

(putamen and globus pallidus) 

subconscious adjustment and modification of voluntary motor commands 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Olfactory (I) 

Special sensroy 

Cribiform plate 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Optic (II) 

Special Sensroy 

Optic canal 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Oculomotor (III) 

Motor 

Superior orbital fissure 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Trochlear (IV) 

Motor 

Superior orbital fissure 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Trigeminal (V) 

Mixed

Sensory/Superior orbital fissure/opthalmic

Sensroy/Foramen rotundum/Maxillary

Mixed/Foramen ovale/Mandibular 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Abduccens (VI)

Motor/Superior orbital fissure 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Facial (VII)

Mixed/Internal acoustic meatus to facial canal; exits at stylomastoid foramen 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Vestibulocochlear (Acoustic) (VIII) 

Cochlear/ Special sensroy/ Internal acoustic meatus 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Glassopharyngeal (IX) 

Mixed/jugular foramen 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Vagus (X) 

Mixed/Jugular foramen 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Accesory (XI)

Internal branch / motor/ jugular foramen 

Table 16-12 Cranial Nerves

Hypoglosssal (XII)

Motor/ hypoglossal canal