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Definition
| Body organized into segments or parts |
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| Body as organized into organ systems |
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Provides information about structures that may be observed of palpated beneath the skin
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| Appreciation of structures in the living, as they are affected by muscle tone, body fluids and pressures and gravity |
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| Emphasizes application of anatomical knowledge to the practice of medicine |
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| Increase in blood pressure |
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| Consists of the skin and its appendages hair, nails and sweat glands |
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Refers to the body position as if the person were standing upright
1. Head, gaze (eyes) and toes anterior
2. arms adjacent to the sides with palms facing anterior
3. lower limbs close together with the feet parallel and toes anterior |
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| vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body, divides the body into right and left halves |
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| vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane |
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| Vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts |
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| Planes passing throught the body at right angles to the median and frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts |
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| Run lengthwise or paralle to the long axis of the body or of any of its parts, and the term applies regardless of the position of the body |
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| Cross sections are slices of the body or its parts that are cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body or of any of its parts |
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| slices of the body or any of its parts that are not cut along transverse |
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Term
A. Superficial
B. Intermediate
C. Deep |
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Definition
A. Toward the surface
B. Between a superficial and deep structure
C. Away from the surface of the body |
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Definition
| Bending or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body |
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| Straightening or increasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body. Usually in posterior direction; except the knee |
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Definition
| Moving away from the median plane in the frontal plane |
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Definition
| Moving toward the median plane in a frontal plane |
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| Circular movement that is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction occurring in such an way that the distal end of the part moves in a circle |
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| Turning or revolving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis |
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| Rotational movement of the forearm and hand that swings the radius |
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| The rotational movement of the forearm and hand |
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| Pad of the 1st digit is brought to another digit pad |
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| Moves the sole of the foot away from the median plane (turning the sole laterally) |
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| Moves the sole of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially) |
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| What does the skin provide? |
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Definition
- protection from environmental effects
- containment for the bodys structures
- heat regulation
- sensation |
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| What are the 3 layers of the skin? |
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Definition
1. Epidermis (top)
2. dermis
3. hypodermis (superfcial fascia) |
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Term
| Tension lines (Langer Lines) |
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Definition
| tend to spiral longitudinally in the limbs and run transversely in the neck and trunk |
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Definition
Located between the overlying skin (dermis) and underlying deep fascia.
Composed of loose connective tissue and stored fat, and contains sweat glands, superficial blood vessels, lymphatic cessels and cutaneous nerves |
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Definition
| extend through the subcutaneous tissue and attach the deep surface of the dermis to the underlying deep fascia |
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| Extensions from its internal surface invest deeper structures |
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| closed sacs or envelopes of serous membrane- are collapsed or essentially empty, except for a thin layer of lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane |
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Definition
| facilitate the movement of tendons over bone |
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| occur in the subcutaneous tissue between skin and bony prominences |
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| sheaths are specialized type of elongated bursae that wrap around tensons |
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| what is the bursar on the patella ? |
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Definition
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| bursae underneath the kneecap? |
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| wrapping, packing and insulating materials of the deep structures of the body |
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| dense, organized connective tissue layer, devoid of fat, that covers most of the body parallel to the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
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| In the limbs, groups of muscles with similar functions sharing the same nerve supply are located in compartments, separated by thick sheets of deep fascia called what? |
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Definition
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| lies between the internal surfaces of the musculoskeletal walls and serous membranes lining the body cavities |
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| What skeleton consists of the bones of the head, neck, and trunk? |
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Definition
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| Consists of the bones of the limbs, including those forming the pectoral (shoulder and pelvic girdles |
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Definition
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Term
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| Calcified connective tissue consisting of cells embedded in a matrix of ground substance and collagen fibers, have a superficial thin layer of compact bone around a central mass of spongy bone |
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Term
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Definition
Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacapals and phalanges
Diaphysis- forms the shaft- composed of thick tube of compact bone that encloses the marros cavity
metaphysis- growth zone between the diaphsis and epiphysis during bone development
epiphyses- expanded articular ends, separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate during bone growth and composed of a spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
| carpal and tarsal bones - composed of spongy bone and marrow surrounded by a thin outer layer of compact bone |
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Definition
| ribs, sternum, scapulae, and bones in the vault of the skull - two layers of compact bone enclosing spongy bone and marrow space |
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Definition
| bones of skull, vertebrae and hip bones- contains spongy bone enveloped by a thin outer layer of compact bone |
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Definition
| develop in certain tendons and reduce friction on the tendon, thus protecting it from excessive wear. Commonly found where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the limbs |
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| small, round, articular head |
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| rounded, knuckle-like articular area, usually occuring in pairs |
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| smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulated with anotehr bone |
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| eminence superior to a condyle |
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| Elongated depression or furrow |
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| indentation at the edge of a bone |
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| spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley |
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| loss of the arterial supply to an epiphysis or other parts of the bone results in the death of bone tissue, or avascular necrosis |
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Term
| What are places of union between two or more bones called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve supplying a joint also supplied the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of such muscles |
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Term
| Fibrous Joints (synarthroses) |
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Definition
- joined by fibrous tissue
- no joint cavities
- permit little movement |
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Term
Synovial (Diarthrodial) Joints
What are the four features? |
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Definition
- permit a great degree of movement
1. joint cavity
2. articular (hyaline) cartilage
3. synovial membrane (which produces synovial fluid)
4. articular capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| - united by two flat articular surfaces. Allow simple gliding or sliding of one bone over the other |
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Definition
- only flexion and extension
occur in the elbow, ankle and interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
Formed by a central bony pivot turning within a bony ring, allow only rotation
- occur in the superior and inferior radioulnar joints and in the atlantoaxial joint |
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Term
condylar (ellipsoidal) joints
where do they occur? |
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Definition
- have two convex condyles articulating with two concave condyles
- allow flexion and extension
- occur in the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, knee and atlantooccipital joints |
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Term
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Definition
resemble a sadde on a horses back
- allow for flexion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction but no axial roataion.
They occur in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and between the femur and patella |
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Term
| Ball and socket (Spheroidal or cotyloid) joints |
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Definition
formed by the reception of globular (ball like) head into a cup-shaped cavity
- allow movement in many directions
- allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction
- occur in the shoulder and hip joints |
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Term
| what is rheumatoid arthritis? |
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Definition
| An inflammatory disease primarily of the joints. It is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the synovial membranes and articular structures, leading to deformities and disability |
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| What is the name of a painful form of arthritis that is caused by too much uric acid in the blood |
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Definition
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Definition
| Allows for examination of joints for abnormalities |
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