Term
| The brainstem connects the |
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Definition
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Term
| membranes of CNS, protects the CNS 3 layers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tough mother, venous sinuses, falx |
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Term
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Definition
| tough mother, venous sinuses, falx |
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Term
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Definition
| spiderweb-like, space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
| spiderweb-like, space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
| faithful mother, encapsulates blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| faithful mother, encapsulates blood vessels |
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Term
| The ventricles are interconnected cavities within |
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Definition
| cerebral hemispheres and brain stem |
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Term
| Ventricles are filled with |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral ventricles are the |
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Definition
| first and second ventricles |
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Term
| secreted by the choroid plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| cerebrospinal fluid circulates in the |
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Definition
| venricles, central canal of spinal cord, subarachnoid space |
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Term
| completely surrounds the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| excess or wasted CSF is absorbed by the |
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Definition
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Term
| clear fluid similiar to blood plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| clear fluid similiar to blood plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| volume is only 120 ml, nutritive and protective, helps maintain stable ion concentrations in the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| Slender column of nervous tissue continuous with brain and brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
| Extends downward through vertbral canal |
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Definition
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Term
| begins at the foramen magnum and terminates at the first and second lumbar vertebrae L1/L2 interspace |
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Definition
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Term
| begins at the foramen magnum and terminates at the first and second lumbar vertebrae L1/L2 interspace |
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Definition
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Term
| pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain and brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
| pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain and brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| helps maintain an upright posture, simple monosynaptic reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| prevents or limits tissue damage |
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Definition
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Term
| crossing of sensory impulses within the reflex center to produce an opposite effect |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ tracts conduct sensory impulses to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ tracts conduct motor impulses from the brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ tracts conduct motor impulses from the brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands |
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Definition
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Term
| Descending and ascending tracts |
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Definition
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Term
| Descending and ascending tracts |
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Definition
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Term
| interprets sensations, determines perception, stores memorys |
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Definition
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Term
| rasoning, makes decisions,coordinates muscular movements, |
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Definition
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Term
| rasoning, makes decisions,coordinates muscular movements, |
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Definition
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Term
| regulates visceral activities, determines personality |
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Definition
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Term
| regulates visceral activities, determines personality |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| frontal lobes, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insula |
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Term
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Definition
| midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
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Term
| major parts of the brain (4) |
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Definition
| cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, Brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
Forebrain(prosensephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon)
hindbrain(rhombencephalon) |
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Term
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Definition
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon |
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Term
| Connects cerebral hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
grooves in gray matter
central sulcus |
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Definition
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Term
longitudinal: separates the cerebral hemispheres
transverse: separates cerebrum from cerebellum
lateral fissure of sylvius |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
insula aka island of reil |
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Term
| 6 functions of the cerebrum |
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Definition
interpreting impulses
initiating voluntary movements
storing info as memory
retrieving stored info
reasoning
seats of intelligence and personality |
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Term
Contains 75% of all neurons in the nervous system
thin layer of gray metter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum |
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Definition
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Term
parietal lobe
interprets sensations on skin |
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Definition
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Term
occipital lobe
interprets vision |
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Definition
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Term
| near base of the central sulcus |
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Definition
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Term
| arises from centers deep within the cerebrum |
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Definition
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Term
temporal lobe
interprets hearing |
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Definition
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Term
| provide memory, reasoning, verbalization, judgement, emotions |
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Definition
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Term
| analyze and interpret sensory experiences |
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Definition
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Term
| widespread throughout the cerebral cortex, regions that are not primary motor or primary sensory areas |
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Definition
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Term
concentration
planning
complex problem solving |
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Definition
| frontal lobe association areas |
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Term
understanding speech
choosing words to express thought |
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Definition
| parietal lobe association area |
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Term
interpret complex sensoryexperiences
store memories of visual scenes,music, and complex patterns |
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Definition
| temporal lobe association areas |
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Term
| analyze and combine visual images with other sensory experiences |
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Definition
| occipitial lobe association areas |
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Term
frontal lobes
control voluntary muscles |
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Definition
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Term
anterior to primary motor cortex
usually in left hemisphere
controls muscles needed for speech |
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Definition
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Term
above brocas area
controld voluntary movement of eyes and eyelids |
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Definition
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Term
| the ____ hemisphere is dominant in most |
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Definition
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Term
Speech
writing
reading
verbal skills
analytical skills
computational skills |
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Definition
| dominant hemisphere controls |
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Term
nonverbal tasks
motor tasks
understanding and interpreting musical and visual patterns
provides emptional andintuitive thought process |
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Definition
| nondominant hemisphere controls |
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Term
working memory
closed neuronal circuit
circuit is stimulated over and over |
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Definition
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Term
| when impulses slow ceases, memory does also unless it enters long-term memory via memory consolidation |
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Definition
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Term
changes structure or function of neurons
enhances synaptic transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| masses of gray matter, deep within cerebral hemispheres, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus |
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Definition
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Term
| produce dopamine, controls certain muscular activities; primarily by inhibiting motor functions |
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Definition
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Term
| between cerebral hemispheres and above the brainstem, surrounds the 3rd ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| gateway for sensory impulses heading to cerebral cortex, recieves all sensory impulses(except smell), Channels impulses to appropriate part of cerebral cortex for interpretation |
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Definition
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Term
| maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities, links nervous and endocrine systems |
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Definition
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Term
| portions of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hypothalamus, thalamus, basal nuclei, other deep nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
| controls emotions, produces feelings, interprets sensory impulses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata |
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Term
| rounded bulges on underside of brainstem, between medulla oblongata and midbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| helps regulate rate and depth of breathing, relays nerve impulses to and from medulla oblongata and cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
| enlarges continuation of spinal cord, conducts ascending and descending impulses between brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers
contains various nonvital reflex control center (coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting) |
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Definition
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Term
| complex network of nerve fibers scatteres throughout the brain stem, extends into the diencephalo, connects to center of hypothalamus, basal nuclei, cerebellum and cerebrum |
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Definition
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Term
| filters incoming sensory info, arouses cerebral cortex into state of wakefulnes |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| slow wave, rapid eye movement |
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Term
| Ranges from light to heavy, person is tires, decreasing activity of reticular system, dreamless, reduced blood pressure and respiratory rate |
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Definition
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Term
| paradoxical sleep, some areas of brain activity, heart and respiratory rates irregular, dreaming occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic fibers connecting to the skin and skeletal muscles, autonomic fibers connecting to viscera..arising from the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic fibers connecting to the skin and skeletal muscles, autonomic fibers connecting to viscera...arising from the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Conduct impulses into brain or spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| conduct impulses to muscles or glands |
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Definition
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Term
| contains both sensory nerve fibers and motor nerve fibers |
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Definition
| mixed (all spinal nerves are mixed except the first pair) |
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Term
| carry motor impulses from cns to skeltal muscles |
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Definition
| general somantic efferent fibers |
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Term
| carry motor impulses away from cns to smooth muscles and glands |
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Definition
| general visceral efferent fibers |
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Term
| carry sensory impulses to CNS from skin and skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| general somatic afferent fibers |
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Term
| carry sensory impulses to cns from blood vessles to internal organs |
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Definition
| general visceral afferent fibers |
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Term
| carry motor impulses from brain to muscles used in chewing, swallowing, speaking and forming facial expressions |
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Definition
| special somatic efferent fibers |
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Term
| carry sensory impulses to brain from olfactory and taste receptors |
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Definition
| special visceral afferent fibers |
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Term
| carry sensory impulses to brain from receptors of sight, hearing and equilibrium |
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Definition
| special somatic afferent fibers |
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Term
| sensory nerve, fibers transmit impulses associated with smell |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory nerve, fibers transmit impulses associated with vision |
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Definition
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Term
| primary motor nerve, motor impulses to muscles that; raise eyelids, move the eyes, focus lens, adjust light entering eye, some sensory |
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Definition
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Term
| primarily motor nerve, motor impulses to muscles that move the eyes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ophthalmic division, maxillary division, mandibular division |
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Term
| sensory from surface of eyes, tear glands, scap, forehead and upper eyelids |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory from upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip, palate, and skin of face |
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Definition
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Term
sensory from scalp, skin of jaw, lower teeth, lower gum, lower lip
motor to muscles of mastication and muscles in floor of mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| primarily motor nerve, motor impulses to muscles that move the eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| mixed nerve, sensory from taste receptors, motor to muscles of facial expression, tear gland and salivary glands |
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Definition
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Term
| AKA acoustic or auditory nerve, 2 branches vestibular branch(equilibrium receptors of ear) cochlear branch (hearing receptors) |
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Definition
| vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) |
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Term
mixed nerve, pharynx, tonsils,tongue and carotid arteries
motor to salivary glands and muscles of pharynx |
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Definition
| glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) |
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Term
mixed nerve, speech and swallowing
autonomic motor to viscera of thorax and abdomen
sensory from pharynx, larynx, esophagus and viscera of thorax and abdomen |
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Definition
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Term
primarily motor nerve, spinal accessory, cranial branch-motor to muscle of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
spinal branch-motor to muscles of neck and back |
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Definition
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Term
| primarily motor, motor to muscles of the tongue |
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Definition
| hypoglossal nerve (CN XIII) |
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Term
| sensory root, axon of sensory neurons are in the dorsal root ganglion |
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Definition
| dorsal root aka posterior root |
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Term
| cell bodies of sensory neurons whose axons conduct impulses inward from peripheral body parts |
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Definition
| dorsal root ganglion aka DRG |
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Term
| an area of skin that the sensory nerve fibers of a partivular spinal nerve innervate |
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Definition
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Term
| motor root, axons of motor neurons whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| ventral root aka anterior root |
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Term
| union of ventral root and dorsal roots, mixed nerve |
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Definition
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Term
complex network by anterior branches of spinal nerves
fibers of various spinal nerves are sorted and recombined, there are 3 |
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Definition
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Term
nerve plexus..
formed by anterior branches of c1-c4 spinal nerves
lies deep in neck
supply to muscles and skin of the neck
c3 c4 c5 nerve roots contribute to phrenic nerves bilaterally |
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Definition
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Term
nerve plexus..
fromed by anterior branches c5-t1
lies deep within the shoulders
5 branches |
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Definition
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Term
brachial branch..
supply muscles of anterior arms and skin of forearms |
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Definition
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Term
brachial branch..
supply muscles of forearms and hands |
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Definition
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Term
brachial branch..
supply posterior muscles of arms and skin of forearms and hands |
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Definition
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Term
| supply muscles and skin of anterior, lateral and posterior arms |
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Definition
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Term
nerve plexus..
formed by anterior branches L1-s5
extends from lumbar region into pelvic cavity |
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Definition
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Term
lumbosacral nerves..
supply motor impulses to adductors of thighs |
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Definition
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Term
lumbosacral nerves..
supply motor impulses to muscles of anterior thigh and sensory impulses from skin of thigh and leg |
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Definition
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Term
lumbosacral nerves..
supply muscles and skin of thigh, legs and feet |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions without conscious effort, controls visceral activities, regulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands, efferent fibers typically lead to ganflia outside of the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Sympathetic division(speeds up..fight ot flight)
parasympathetic division(sloe down.. resting and digesting) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
autonomic nerve fibers...
axons
neuron cell bodies in CNS |
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Definition
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|
Term
autonomic nerve fibers...
axons
neuron cell bodies in ganglia |
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Definition
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Term
sympathetic division...
location of preganglionic |
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Definition
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Term
sympathetic division...
preganglionic fibers leave spinal through____ ____ and enter _____ _____ |
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Definition
| white rami, paravertebral ganglia |
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Term
sympathetic division...
paraverterbral ganglia and fibers that connect them make up the _____ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
sympathetic division...
postgagnlionic fibers extend from sympathetic ganglia to _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
sympathetic division...
postganglionic fibers usually pass through ___ ____ and return to a spinal nerve before proceeding to an ____ |
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Definition
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Term
sympathetic division...
preganglionic fibers to adrenal medulla do not synapse with postganglionic neurons |
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Definition
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Term
parasympathetic division...
location of preganglionic neurons |
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Definition
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Term
parasympathetic division...
ganglia are near or within various organs |
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Definition
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|
Term
parasympathetic division...
short postganglionic fibers |
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Definition
| continue to specific muscles or glands |
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Term
parasympathetic division...
preganglionic fibers of the head are included in nerves (3) |
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Definition
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Term
parasympathetic division...
preganglionic fibers of thorax and abdomen are parts of |
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Definition
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Term
autonomic neurotransmitters...
release acetylcholine
preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
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Definition
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|
Term
autonomic neurotransmitters...
release norepinephrine
most postganglionic sympathetic fibers |
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Definition
|
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Term
| results from binding to protein receptors in the membrane of effectors cells |
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Definition
| actions of autonomic neurotransmitter |
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Term
autonomic neurotransmitters...
excitatory
slow |
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Definition
cholinergic receptors
muscarinic |
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Term
autonomic neurotransmitters...
excitatory
rapid |
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Definition
cholinergic receptors
nicotinic |
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Term
autonomic neurotransmitters...
both elicit different responses on various effectors |
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Definition
adrenergic receptors
alpha and beta |
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Term
| the enzyme acetylcholinesterase rapidly decomposes the acetylcholine that cholinergic fibers release |
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Definition
| terminating autonomic neurotransmitter actions |
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Term
| norepinephrine from adrenergic fibers is removed by active transport |
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Definition
| terminating autonomic neurotransmitter actions |
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Term
controlled largelt by CNS
nedulla oblongata regulates cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory activities |
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Definition
| control of autonomic activity |
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Term
| hypothalamus regulates visceral functions, such as body temp, hunger, thirst, and water and electrolyte balance |
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Definition
| control of autonomic activity |
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Term
| limbic system and cerebral cortex control emotional responses |
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Definition
| control of autonomic activity |
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Term
| between diecephalon and pons |
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Definition
|
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Term
| contains bundles of fibers that join lower parts of brainstem and spinal cord with higher part of brain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
cerebral aqueduct
cerebral peduncles(bundles of nerve fibers)
corpora quadrigemina(centers for visual and auditory reflexes) |
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Definition
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|
Term
inferior to occipital lobes
posterior to pons and medulla oblongata
2 hemispheres
vermis connects hemispheres |
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Definition
|
|
Term
cerebellar cortex(gray matter)
arbor vitae(white matter)
cerebellar peduncles(nerve fiber tracts) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
dentate nucleus(largest nucleus in cerebellum)
integrates sensory info concerning position of body parts |
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Definition
|
|
Term
coordinates skeletal muscle activity
maintains posture |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ pairs of spinal nerves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
___ cervical nerves
C1 to C8 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
___ thoracic nerves
T1 to T12 |
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Definition
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|
Term
____ lumbar nerves
L1 to L5 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
____ sacral nerves
s1 to s5 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
___ coccygeal nerve
C0 or Cc |
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Definition
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