Term
| Protraction (abduction) of scapula |
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Definition
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major |
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Term
| Retraction (adduction) of scapula |
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Definition
Rhomboideus major
Rhomboideus minor
Trapezius |
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Term
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Definition
Levator Scapulae
Trapezius (upper fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
Pectoralis minor
Trapezius (lower fibers)
Subclavius
Lattisimus Dorsi |
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Term
| Upward rotation of scapula |
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Definition
Trapezius
Serratus anterior |
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Term
| Downward rotation of scapula |
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Definition
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major
Subclavius
Latissimus dorsi |
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Term
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Definition
Initiation: Supraspinatus
Up to 90 degrees: Deltoid
Beyond 90: Trapezius, Serratus Anterior |
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Term
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Definition
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Deltoid (lowest fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii
Deltoid (anterior fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Long head of the Triceps
Deltoid (posterior fibers) |
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Term
| Medial rotation of the arm |
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Definition
Subscapularis
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Deltoid (anterior fibers) |
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Term
| Lateral rotation of the arm |
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Definition
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Deltoid (posterior fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Long head of Triceps |
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Term
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Definition
-cutaneous branch of the C2 posterior ramus
-provides cutaneous sensation on posterior head
-penetrates deep neck muscles and origin of trapezius from superior nuchal line |
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Term
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Definition
| strip of skin innervated by several branches of the same spinal nerve |
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Term
| Posterior rami (aka dorsal rami, dorsal primary rami) |
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Definition
-innervate deep back muscles
-cutaneous sensation to skin of back |
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Term
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Definition
| innervate superficial muscles of back |
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Term
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Definition
| dense layer of connective tissue between subcutaneous tissue and muscles - surrounds entire muscle groups. often contain spread of infection or tumor |
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Term
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Definition
-Cranial nerve XI
-emerges from skull medial to mastoid process
-innervates sternocleidomastoid muscle
-innervates trapezius (runs underneath)
-joined by transverse cervical artery and vein |
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Term
| Thoracodorsal nerve, artery, vein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Triangular gap formed by the superior horizontal border of the latissimus dorsi, medial border of the scapula, inferolateral border of the trapezius
good place to listen to the lungs! |
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Term
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Definition
Bordered medially by the latissimus dorsi, laterally by the external abdominal oblique, inferiorly by the iliac crest
Vulnerable to abdominal hernias |
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Term
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Definition
Insertion: T7 to sacrum, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest, lower 4 ribs
Insertion: intertubercular groove
Action: Extend and Medially Rotate and Adduct arm
Innervaion: thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from posterior cord of brachial plexus
Artery: thoracodorsal artery |
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Term
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Definition
Insertion: transverse process
Origin: C1-4
Action: Elevates scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), upper part C3,4
Artery: Dorsal scapular artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: T2-5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula, inferior to scapular spine
Action: Retracts, Elevates, Inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Artery: Dorsal scapular artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: C7,T1, inferior end of ligamentum nuchae
Insertion: medial border of scapula at root of scapular spine
Action: Retracts, Elevates, Inferiorly rotates scapuls
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Artery: Dorsal scapular artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: C7-T12, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, extern. occ. protuberance
insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, medial acromion, upper crest and tubercule of scapular spine
Action: Elevates/Depresses scapula, Retracts and Superiorly rotates scapula
Inntervation: Accessory nerve (XI), proprioception C3,4
Artery: Transverse cervical artery |
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Term
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Definition
33 total: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal
features: body, pedicles, transverse processes, laminae, articular processes, spinous process
adjacent vertebrae articulate through a symphysis |
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Term
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Definition
pedicles + laminae
protects spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| connects body with transverse process; superior and inferior vertebral notches |
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Term
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Definition
extends from junction of pedicle and lamina
site for muscle attachment and rib articulation |
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Term
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Definition
| ligamenta flava spans interval between adjacent laminae |
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Term
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Definition
| superior and inferior pairs on each vertebrae, articulate w/ processes of adjacent vertebra through synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| superior and inferior form intervertebral foramen |
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Term
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Definition
| opening between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae where spinal nerve passes |
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Term
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Definition
| contains spinal cord, meninges, epidural fat, internal vertebral venous plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| important site of muscle attachment, spinous processes of C2-6 are bifid |
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Term
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Definition
| first cervical vertebra, no vertebral body. articulates w/ odontoid process of axis |
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Term
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Definition
| C2: odontoid process (dens) projects superiorly and articulates w/ anterior arch of atlas |
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Term
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Definition
| C7, long, non-bifid spinous process |
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Term
| costal articular facet on body |
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Definition
| small smooth areas (superior and inferior) at junction of body and vertebral arch in T vertebra that articulate w/ head of ribs (demifacets) |
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Term
| costal articular facet on transverse process |
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Definition
| articulates w articular facet on tubercule of rib |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 pairs, each transmits the ventral primary ramus of the sacral nerves, branches of lateral sacral artery enter here |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 pairs, each transmits dorsal primary ramus of sacral nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| opening in posterior surface of sacrum in midline |
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Term
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Definition
| vertebrae have no pedicles, laminae or spines |
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Term
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Definition
| connects spinous processes of two adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrocartilaginous disc between adjacent vertebral bodies: outer anulus fibrosis and inner nucleus pulposis (remnant of the notochord) |
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Term
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Definition
formed predominantly by elastic fibers, joins laminae of adjacent vertebrae
YELLOW!
penetrated by the needle during spinal tap |
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Term
| nuchal ligament (aka ligamentum nuchae) |
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Definition
| midline ligament extendign from spinous processes of cervical vertebrae to the base of the skull |
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Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| courses superior to inferior along anterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies, lies directly posterior to the thoracic and abdominal viscera |
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Term
| posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| courses from superior to inferior along posterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies; located in vertebral canal |
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Term
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Definition
| connects tips of spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; serves as muscle attachment site |
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Term
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Definition
| joint between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
first branch off dorsal side of spinal nerve
motor: deep back muscles, sympathetic innervation to skin
sensory: general sense to skin of back
mixed: sensory AND motor fibers |
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Term
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Definition
multiple rootlets from dorsal horn of spinal cord to spinal nerve
entirely sensory; dorsal to denticulate ligament |
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Term
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Definition
sensory to one dermatome
a sensory ganglion located along the dorsal root within the intervertebral foramen: one per spinal nerve' location of cell bodies of Somatic Afferent (sensory) neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| formed at point where dorsal and ventral rootlets meet; ends where dorsal and ventral primary rami diverge. 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| first branch off ventral side of spinal nerve, motor to skeletal and sense to skin of trunk and extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple rootlets from ventral horn of spinal cord to spinal nerve, motor to skeletal and NO sensory. Entirely motor in function, ventral to denticulate ligament. |
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Term
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Definition
| longitudinal midline fissure one ventral surface of spinal cord (anterior spinal artery lies in this fissure) |
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Term
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Definition
| long midline groove located on dorsal surface of spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| C4-T1, created by rootlets of spinal nerves C5-T1 that form the brachial plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| T11-L1, created by rootlets of spinal nerves L1-S4 that form the lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| cone-shaped inferior end of spinal cord, located at L1 |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal and ventral roots of all spinal nerves inferior to L1, lies within the lumbar cistern |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate of 3 layers of meninges, thin membrane pressed against inner surface of dura mater by CSF. space deep to this mater is the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral extension of pia mater from spinal cord. attaches to dura mater to anchor the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost of the meningeal layers covering brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| lose connective tissue within the epidural space upon the dura mater |
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Term
| filium terminale internum |
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Definition
| thread-like extension of the pia mater from the conus medullaris; best seen between L2 and S2; becomes enclosed within filium terminale externum |
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Term
| filium terminale externum |
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Definition
| thread-like extension of dura mater below end of dural sac at S2; attaches to coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
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Term
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Definition
| delicate membrane on surface of brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains CSF and spider web-like filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| herniation of nucleus pulposis through a weakened anulus fibrosus, commonly puts pressure on nerve roots or dorsal root ganglion exiting the intervertebral foramen at or below this level |
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Term
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Definition
| used to gather CSF. needle inserted between spinous processes of L3 and L4 or L4 and L5. Superficial landmark for finding this point is the supracristal line, which runs on a line from the lilac crests and passes through L4's spinous process |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| injection of anesthetic agents into epidural space as opposed to subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| bound medially by clavicle, superiorly by deltoid, inferiorly by pec major - pierced by cephalic vein |
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Term
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Definition
| notch on superior border of the manubrium |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: medial 1/2 of clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
Insertion: crest of greater tubercule
Action: Flexes and Adducts and Medially rotates arm
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
Artery: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: draws scapula forward, medialward, downward
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)
Artery: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ribs 1-8,9
Insertion: medial border of scapula on costal surface
Action: draws scapula Forward, rotate scapula Superiorly
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (ventral rami C5-7)
Artery: lateral thoracic artery |
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Term
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Definition
source: axillary artery (2nd part)
Branches: pectoral, clavicular, acromial, deltoid
Supply to: pec major, pec minor, subclavius, deltoid, shoulder joint
Pieres the costocoracoid membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| pectoral, lateral, central, subscapular, apical. drain upper limb, mammary gland, some anterolateral chest wall, scapular region |
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Term
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Definition
| travels below the posterior intercostal artery in the costal groove |
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Term
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Definition
| on superficial surface of serratus anterior: injury causes winging! C5,6,7 keeps the wings from heaven |
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Term
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Definition
| pierces clavipectoral fascia |
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Definition
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