Term
| osseous tissue and bone function |
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Definition
-maintain body shape
-support soft tissues
-protect internal organs
-act as a lever arms to permit movement
-store mineral ions
-manufacture blood cells (hematopoesis) |
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Term
osseous tissue and bones
maintain body shape |
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Definition
| provides a hard framework that supports the body and cradles its soft organs |
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Term
osseous tissue and bones
protect internal organs |
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Definition
fused bones of the skull protect the brain Vertebral column protects the spinal cord
-rib cage protects the heart and lungs |
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Term
osseous tissue and bones
act as lever arms to permit movement |
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Definition
| skeleton muscles use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts |
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Term
osseous tissue and bones
store minerals and ions |
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Definition
| reservoir for calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium. sulfate, carbonate, hydroxide ions |
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Term
osseous tissue and bones
manufacture blood cells
(hematopesis) |
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Definition
| blood cell production occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones |
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Term
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Definition
macroscopic-shape
microscopic |
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Term
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Definition
-long
-short/round
-flat
-irregular |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-considerably longer than wide
-made of a shaft and two ends
-primarily made of COMPACT BONES
-but many have spongy bone
-all bones of the limbs are long bones except the patella, wrist, ankle bones |
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Term
macroscopic shape
short/round |
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Definition
-cubelike
-contains mostly spongy bones
-outer layer of compact bone
-bones of wrist(carpal) and ankle(tarsal)
-SESAMOID BONES are embedded within a tendon |
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Term
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Definition
-are thin, flattened, usually a bit curved
-sternum and most of the skull bones
-two outer layers of compact bone seperated by a spongy middle layer (diploe) |
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Term
macroscopic shape
irregular |
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Definition
-include vertebrae and hip bones
-have complicated shapes and made mostly of spongy bone enclosed within compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
-appears dense and solid
-structural unit called OSTEON or HAVERSIAN SYSTEM
-growth rings called LAMELLAE which osteocytes embedded within cavities called LACUNAE
-designed to withstand torsion stress (resist twisting) |
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Term
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Definition
-appears with numerous open cavities and loosely organized
-Trabeculae are aligned with the lines of stress
-no osteons present |
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Term
| short, flat, irregular bones |
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Definition
1. outer layer of compact bone
2. inner layer of spongy bone(diploe) |
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Term
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Definition
1.diaphysis
2.epiphysis
3.epiphyseal line (adults)
4.epiphyseal plate (children)
5.periosteum
6.atricular cartilage
7.endosteum
8.medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
is the shaft which makes up the long axis of the bone
-thick collar of compact bone
-central medullary cavity (marrow cavity) |
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Term
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Definition
-the ends of long bone which are made of spongy bone
-surface is covered with articular cartilage |
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Term
Long Bone
epiphyseal line (adults) |
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Definition
| remnant of the epiphyseal plate |
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Term
Long Bone
epiphyseal plate (children) |
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Definition
| a disk of hyaline cartilage that grows to lengthen the bone |
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Term
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Definition
-double-layer membrane surrounding the bone
-outer layer is made of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue with an inner layer made of OSTEOGENIC LAYER which contains osteoblasts and or osteoclasts |
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Term
Long Bone
articular cartilage |
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Definition
-hyaline caritlage covering the end of the bones
-joint surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
-membrane covering the internal bone medullary caivty
-contains both osteoblasts, osteoclasts |
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Term
Long Bone
medullary cavity |
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Definition
| -central cavity of long bones which contains the bone marrow (yellow or red) |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system is |
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Definition
| the basis of compact bone |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system is made up of |
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Definition
-central canal(haversian canal)
-lamellae
-perforating canal (volkmann's canal)
-lacunae
-canaliculi |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system
central canal (haversian canal) |
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Definition
-basis of compact bone
-located in the center of the osteon unit
-contains blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system
lamellae |
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Definition
-cylinder shaped matrix tubes
-adjacent layers run in opposite directions for withstanding twisting and other stress |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system
perforating canal (volkmann's canal) |
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Definition
-run at a right angles to the central canals
-connecting the central canals |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system
lucunae |
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Definition
| concaves cavities in which mature bone cells (osteocytes) resides |
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Term
the osteon or
haversian system
canaliculi |
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Definition
| hairlike canals connecting the lacunae for passage of nutrients |
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Term
| chemical compostition of bone |
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Definition
-osteoid
-mineral salts (calcium hydroxyapatite) |
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Term
chemical composition of bone
Osteoid |
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Definition
-the organic components of bone(proteoglycans, glycoproteins, collagen fibers)
-contribute to the bone's flexibility, tensile strength (ability to resist stretching and twisting) |
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Term
chemical composition of bone
mineral salts(calcium hydroxyapatite) |
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Definition
| contributes to the bone hardness (resist compression) |
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Term
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Definition
1.osteoblasts
2.osteocytes
3.osteoclasts
4.stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
bone forming cells
-building the matrix |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cell
stem cells (for hematopoesis) |
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Definition
found in bone marrow
-red, yellow |
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Term
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Definition
-found in spongy bones
-mostly flat or irregular bones(skull,ribs,and hip bones)
-produces blood cell (both RBC's and WBC's) |
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Term
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Definition
-found in medullary cavity of long bones
-does not produce blood cells
-can be reverted to red marrow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-projections or processes
-depressions |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
line |
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Definition
narrow ridge of bone
-less prominent then a crest |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
crest |
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Definition
narroe ridge of a bone
-usually prominent
-shin bone |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
facet |
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Definition
| smooth nearly flat articular surface |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
condyle |
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Definition
| rounded articular surface |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
epicondyle |
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Definition
| raised area on or above a condyle |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
head |
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Definition
| bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
spine |
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Definition
| sharp, slender, often pointed projection |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
ramus |
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Definition
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
tuberosity |
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Definition
large rounded projection
-may be roughened |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
tubercle |
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Definition
| small rounded projection or process |
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Term
bone landmarks
projections or processes
trochanter |
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Definition
| very large, blunt irregular shaped process (femor) |
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Term
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Definition
-shallow basin like depression
-serving as an articular surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| round or oval opening through a bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cavity within a bone
-filled with air
-lined with mucus membranes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| intramembraneous ossification |
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Definition
| most of the bones of the skull and clavicle |
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Term
| intramembraneous ossification is |
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Definition
-fibrous memebrane forms form mesenchyme cells
-osteoblasts begin to secrete osteoid and then mineralize it (clarification spicules)
-formation of woven bone and peristeum (network of trabeculae=woven bones)
-formation of comapact bone plates and red marrow (spongy bone persists internally and vascular tissue becomes red marrow) |
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Term
| endochondral ossification |
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Definition
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Term
| endochondral ossification has |
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Definition
1.formation of cartilage model
2.primary ossification center in diaphysis
3.secondary ossification
4.longitudinal growth
5.appositional growth
6.remodeling the Wolff's Rule |
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Term
| primary ossification center in diaphysis |
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Definition
a.bone collar-formation of compact bone layer around the hyaline cartilage
b.medullary cavity is converted to spongy cartilage, as blood and lymph vessels invade along with nerves
c.osseous sponge replaces cartilage sponge
d.medullary cavity forms |
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Term
| secondary ossification centers in epiphyses |
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Definition
a.formation delayed until after birth; epiphyseal surfaces are covered with articular (hyaline)cartilage
-epiphyseal plates form at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis
b.no medullary cavity |
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Term
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Definition
a.chondroblasts in epiphyseal disk accelerate cartilage deposit
b.osteoblasts in primary and secondary ossification centers continue to convert cartilage to osseous tissue (bone)
c.longitudinal growth continues as long as chondroblasts are faster than osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
-process of increaseing thickness(diameter)of bones
-osteoblasts beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix on the external surface of the bone
-osteoclasts on the endosteum surface of the diphysis(shaft) remove bone |
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Term
| remodeling and Wolff's rule |
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Definition
-a bone grows or remodels in response to teh forces of demands placed on it
--mechanical stress (muscle pull) and gravity promote skeletal remodling
-keeping the bones strong where stressors are acting |
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Term
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Definition
| defective mineralization results in soft bones(lack of vitamin d for reabsorption of calcium) |
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Term
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Definition
-lack of bone mass; especially spongy bone
-lack of exercise, estrogen; increases brittleness |
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Term
| paget disease of the bone |
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Definition
-rapid, disorderly bone remodling
-resulting in weak and deformed bones |
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Term
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Definition
a.simple
b.compound
c.spiral
d.greenstick
e.compression
f.depressed
g.impacted |
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Term
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Definition
non-displaced
-skin not broken |
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Term
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Definition
-opened displaced
-skin broken
-bone protrudes through skin |
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Term
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Definition
| fractures around the long axis of the shaft |
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Term
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Definition
bone is bent on one side
-incomplete fracture on the other side |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| impact forms a concave cavity (skull fractures) |
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Term
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Definition
| one bone fragment is driven into the medullary or spongy bone of another bone |
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Term
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Definition
a.hematoma
b.soft or fibrous callus
c.hard or bony callus
d.remodeling |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture breaks blood vessels causing the formation of a blood clot |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrocartilage replaces the broken bone |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrocartilage is replaced by compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
-hard callus remains for 3-4 weeks
-osteoclast dissolve fragments of broken bone
-osteoblast fill the gaps between broken parts
-fibrocartilage (and spongy bone) is ocnverted to compact bone |
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