Term
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Definition
attachments: Xiphoid process, costal margin of thoracic wall, ends of ribs XI and XII, vert. of the lumbar region, ligaments across the back of abd. wall.
Vascularization: pericardiacophrenic, superior and inferior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic
Innervation: phrenic nerves |
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Term
| Types of pluera in teh thorax |
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Definition
| visceral and parietal (costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervicle) |
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Term
| Two recesses in the thorax |
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Definition
| costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal |
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Term
| Types of reflections in the thorax |
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Definition
| pleural and diaphragmatic |
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Term
| Location of pulmonary arteries (lateral veiw of the lung) |
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Definition
Right lung: Pulmonary artery is found anterior and mostly parallel but actually slightly inferior to the bronchus.
Left lung: the left lung is different, it is completely superior to everything, including the bronchus right below it. |
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Term
| how is the left lung different from right? |
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Definition
| The left lung has only two lobes whereas the right has three (superior middle and inferior--seperated by horizontal and oblique fissures respectively) the left lung has a cardiac notch and a lingula. orientation of p. arteries is also diff. |
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Term
| What are the lymph nodes in the lungs called? |
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Definition
| tracheobronchial lymph nodes |
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Term
| The point at which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left main bronchus is called what? |
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Definition
| carina (see pg. 151 of grays) |
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Term
| describe order of airflow into the lungs. |
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Definition
| trachea, right and left main bronchi (primary bronchi), lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi), segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi). |
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Term
| explain the sympathetic innervation of the pulmonary plexus: |
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Definition
| postganglionic fibers from T1-T4 levels of the sympathetic trunk contribute to the pulmonary plexus causing bronchodialation and vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels. |
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Term
| describe parasymp. effects on the pulmonary plexus: |
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Definition
| comes via the vegas nerve (C.N.-X)--causes bronchoconstriction and vasodialation of the pulmonary vessels. |
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Term
| What are the layers of the pericardium? |
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Definition
| Fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium, visceral pericardium and pericardial space. |
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Term
| What is the vascularization and innervation of the pericardium? |
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Definition
innervation: phrenic nerve
vasc.: pericardiophrenic vessels |
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Term
| what are the 3 layers of the heart? |
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Definition
| endocardium, myocardium, epicardium |
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Term
| Where does the right coronary artery originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many branches of the right coronary artery are there and what are they? |
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Definition
| There are 3 main branches: SA nodal or Atrial branch, the acute marginal branch, and the posterior interventricular branch. (note:there is also a AV nodal branch, but this is not required for lab portion) |
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Term
| From where does the left coronary artery originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the branches of the left coronary artery. |
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Definition
| There are also three branches of the left coronary artery: the Anterior interventricular branch, the circumflex branch, and left marginal artery. |
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Term
| Which cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus? |
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Definition
| Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein) |
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Term
| Which cardiac vein drians directly into the right atrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the path of the Great cardiac vein: |
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Definition
| Originates on the anterior surface of the heart, near the apex and ascends with the left anterior interventricular coronary artery. |
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Term
| Describe the path of the middle cardiac vein: |
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Definition
| It originates on the posterior surface of the heart, ascends with the posterior interventricular coronary a. |
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Term
| Describe the path of the small cardiac vein |
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Definition
| originates on the anterior surface of the heart, on the inferior margin of the right ventricle, it ascends with the right marginal coronary a. |
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Term
| Describe the path of the anterior cardiac vv. |
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Definition
| spider over the right atrium and drain directly into it. |
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Term
| describe sympathetic innervation of the heart: |
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Definition
| increases heart rate and force of contraction, dialates the coronary a's. |
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Term
| parasympathetic innervation on heart: |
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Definition
| decreases heart rate, constricts coronary a's. |
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Term
| What are the three important structures in the heart responsible for regulating conduction pathways: |
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Definition
| the SA node known as the "pace-maker", the AV node, and the atrioventricular bundle (of HIS). |
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Term
| Where is the SA node located? |
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Definition
| where the right atrium meets the SVC. at the superior end of the crista terminalis. |
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Term
| Where is the AV node located? |
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Definition
| interatrial septum, just superior to the coronary sinus |
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Term
| Where is the Atrioventricular Bundle of his? |
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Definition
| begins at the AV node and descends and divides into the right and left bundles corresponding to the right and left ventricles, then travels up from apex to the aortic and pulmonic valves. |
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Term
| What are the bounderies and anatomical contents of the mediastina? |
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Definition
| medial to the pleural sacs, between the sternum and the vert. column, 1st rib and diaphragm. |
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Term
| how many sub-parts of the mediastina are there? what are they? |
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Definition
| 2 parts: inferior and superior (divided by plane b/w t4/t5)--the inferior is further divided into anterior, middle and posterior parts. |
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Term
| What is considered part of the anterior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| region b/w the sternal angle, pericardial sac and diaphragm. (contains the inferior part of the thymus) |
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Term
| What is considered part of the middle mediastinum? |
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Definition
| contains the pericardial sac and heart. |
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Term
| What is considered part of the posterior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| contains the structures deep to the pericardial sac: the thoracic aorta, azygos system, thoracic duct, esophagus, vagus and symp. nerves. (this is the portion that we deal with most in this unit) |
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Term
| What is considered part of the superior mediastinum? |
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Definition
| region superior to the sternal angle, it contains aortic arch (its 3 branches), SVC, braciocephalic veins, trachea, esophagus, phrenic and vagus nerves and thymus tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| most anterior component of the superior mediastinum, immediately posterior to the manubrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| in early development, its very imp. in the development of the immune system and is large in the child. (until puberty) |
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Term
| age related changes in the thymus? |
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Definition
| The thymus begins to atrophy at puberty. Is small in adults and is mostly fatty tissue. |
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Term
| What is the ligamentum arteriosum? |
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Definition
| remnant of the fetal ductus arteriousus. runs from the inferior surface of the aortic arch to left pulmonary vein. |
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Term
| what are the three branches off the aortic arch? |
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Definition
| From right to left: Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian. |
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Term
| What union forms the braciocephalic veins? |
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Definition
| the internal jugular veins and subclavian veins. |
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Term
| the two brachiocephalic veins come together to make what? |
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Definition
| The Superior vena cava.--(this drains blood from ALL regions above the diaphragm except the heart into the right atrium.) |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the diaphragm? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the spinal levels for the greater splanchnic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the spinal levels for the lesser splanchnic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the spinal levels for the least splanchnic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the thoracic lymphatic duct drain? |
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Definition
| into the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian vv. |
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Term
| Where does the azygos system drain? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what spinal level does the aorta perforate the diaphragm? |
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Definition
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