Term
| Describe the location and anatomical structures associated with the superficial cervical fascia. |
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Definition
| The superficial cervical fascia is analogous to the subcutaneous layer of skin. This contains the platysma and is innervated by the cervical branch of CN seven, or the Facial Nerve. This means it was derived from the second branchial arch. |
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Term
| What are the layers of the deep cervical fascia? |
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Definition
| Investing fascia, pretracheal fascia, prevertebral fascia, and the carotid sheath. |
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Term
| What structures are found in the investing fascia according to Dr. Morton's lecture notes? |
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Definition
| The sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscles are found here. |
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Term
| Where does the investing fascia attach according to Dr. Morton's lecture? |
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Definition
| The attachments of this fascia are the occipital bone, the mastoid process, and zygomatic arch superiorly, and the scapular spine, acromion, clavical and manubruim inferiorly. |
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Term
| Describe the pretracheal fascia and name which structures it envelops. |
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Definition
| There are two portions of the pretracheal fascia. The muscular portion envelops the infrahyoid muscles. The visceral portion surrounds the thyroid gland, parathyriod gland, larynx, trachea, pharynx and esophagus. It is located deep to the investing fascia and anterior to the prevertebral fascia. |
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Term
| What are the contents of the prevertebral fascia? |
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Definition
| This fascia surrounds the cervical vertebral column and envelops the deep muscles of the neck. These include levator scauplae, scalenes, longus coli and deep cervical muscles. |
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Term
| What structures form the Carotid sheath and where is it located? |
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Definition
| The carotid sheath is located bi-laterally just deep to the investing fascial layer. It is composed of the investin, pretracheal, and prevertebral fascial layers. |
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Term
| What structures are located in or are surrounded by the carotid sheath? |
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Definition
| The ansa cervicalis is found in the carotid sheath. The internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, and vagus nerve are surrounded by the carotid sheath. |
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Term
| Describe the location of the retropharyngeal space and it's relation to the deep cervical fascial layers. |
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Definition
| The retropharyngeal space is located posterior to the buccopharyngeal fascia which is a continuation of the pretracheal fascia and the alar fascia which is a separation from the prevertebral fascia. |
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Term
| Where is the sympathetic trunk located according to Dr. Morton? |
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Definition
| It is located between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fascia, although according to Netters it is located in the retropharyngeal space. |
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Term
| What two muscles does the cervical plexus exit between? |
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Definition
| Anterior scalene and middle scalene. |
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Term
| What nerves form the lesser occipital nerve? Is it motor or sensory? What ramus forms this nerve? |
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Definition
| C2, sensory. Ventral ramus- hypaxial. |
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Term
| What spinal nerves make the greater auricular nerve? |
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Definition
| C2-C3. It is sensory off the ventral ramus. It is hypaxial. |
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Term
| What spinal nerves make up the transverse cervical nerve? |
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Definition
| C2-C3. Sensory. Hypaxial. Ventral Ramus. |
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Term
| What spinal nerves make the Supraclavicular nerve? |
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Definition
| C3-C4. Ventral Ramus, sensory, hypaxial. |
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Term
| What structure do motor nerves of the infrahyoid muscles branch off of? |
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Definition
| Ansa cervicalis. Ventral ramus, hypaxial. |
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Term
| What muscles does spinal nerve C1 innervate? |
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Definition
| geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, superior belly of the omohyoid, and it contributes to the sternothyroid and the sternohyoid. |
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Term
| What muscles does three infrahyoid muscles does C2 send motor signals to? |
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Definition
| sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and inferior belly of the omohyoid |
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Term
| What three infrahyoid muscles does C3 send motor impulses to? |
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Definition
| sternohyoid, sternothyroid, inferior belly of the omohyoid. |
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Term
| What cervical spinal nerves contribute to the vagus nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the branches of the external carotid artery in descending order? |
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Definition
| Superficial temporal (terminal branch), Maxillary (terminal branch) Posterior Auricular, Occipital, Facial, Lingual, Ascending Pharyngeal, Superior Thyroid |
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Term
| Describe the carotid body. |
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Definition
| It is located in the common carotid around the bifurcation of the internal carotid and external carotid arteries. It's a chemoreceptor (H+) and in innervated by CN 9 and 10. |
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Term
| What does the Carotid Sinus sense? |
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Definition
| Blood pressure. It is a baroreceptor innervated by CN 9. |
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Term
| Where does blood from the external carotid go? |
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Definition
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Term
| follow blood from the anterior jugular vein to the right atrium of the heart. |
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Definition
| Anterior jugular vein, external jugular vein, subclavian, brachiocephalic, SVC, right atrium of the heart. |
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Term
| Where does blood from the internal carotid go? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the internal jugular vein located in the neck? |
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Definition
| carotid sheath, deep to sternocleidomastoid. |
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Term
| What are the branches of the external jugular vein? |
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Definition
| Posterior auricular vein and the retromandibular vein. |
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Term
| What are the superficial neck muscles? |
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Definition
| Platysma, trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unilateral: Tilts the head to the same side: rotates the head to the opposite side. Bilateral: extends the head, assists in respiration when the head is fixed. Innervated by CN eleven! |
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Term
| What are the ventral strap muscles? |
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Definition
| suprahyoid muscles- digastricus, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid and the infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid. |
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Term
| What are the Prevertebral muscles? |
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Definition
| Stretch between the cervical spine and skull acting on both. They include the Longus Capitus m. and the longus coli m. |
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Term
| What are considered the lateral, deep neck muscles? |
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Definition
| The scalenes. They attach to the first and second ribs from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. |
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Term
| What is located in the interscalene space? |
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Definition
| Axillary sheath, brachial plexus, and subclavian artery- courses posterior to the anterior scalene muscle. The subclavian vein courses anteriorly to the anterior scalene m. |
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