Term
| what is the osteology of the thoracic wall? |
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Definition
| thoracic vertebra, ribs, costal cartilage, sternum and manubrium |
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Term
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Definition
| T2-T3 intervertebral space |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pump handle movement of the ribs about the costovertebral joints raises the sternum |
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Definition
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Term
The “bucket handle” (transverse
dimension) the lateral portions of
the ribs are raised |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Intercostalsare thin layers of muscles that occupy the space
between ribs. Recall that each space is named according to the
numbered rib superior to it. |
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Term
| what do the external intercostals do? |
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Definition
Its direction is
directed inferiorly and
anteriorly Think of “hands in
pockets”. Towards the midline
(toward the sternum) these
muscles become membranous.
The actionof these muscles is
to elevate the lower rib during
inspiration |
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Term
| what do the internal intercostals do? |
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Definition
Internal intercostals are directed inferiorly and posteriorly
“hands at the sides”. Posteriorlytoward the vertebral column,
these muscles become membranous. The actionof these
muscles are to depress the rib above during expiration. |
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Term
| what do the innermost intercostals do |
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Definition
The innermost intercostal is
similar to that of the
internal
Notice the neurovascular bundle that lies between the internal
and innermost intercostal muscles. They lie in the costal groove
of the ribs |
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Term
Subclaviana. provides
both supreme intercostal
a. and and internal
thoracic a.
• Axillary artery gives off
both the superior
thoracic and the lateral
thoracic (which you will
have already seen in an
earlier dissection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where are the nerves to theintercostals from? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three areas of the thoracic cavity? |
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Definition
2 pulmonary
cavities, which
house the right and
left pleural cavities
and lungs.
1 middle area
termed the
mediastinumwhich
houses the
pericardial sac and
the heart and its
great vessels within |
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Term
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Definition
Thin connective tissue between
the internal cavity and the pluerae
of the lungs. It blends with the
periosteumof the ribs and
perichondrium of the ribs and the
perichondrium of the costal
cartilage.
The surgical significance of
endothoracicfascia is that it
provides a natural cleavage plane
between the thoracic wall and the
pluerae.
This fascia will be visible in lab in
when we open the thoracic wall |
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Term
| visceral pleura vs parietal pleura |
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Definition
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Term
| what is between the two pleural membranes? |
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Definition
Between the two pleural membranes is a potential space. Normally, it
contains serous pleural fluid which allows the two pleura, visceral and
parietal to glide against each other in movement (respiration)
This serous fluid has
surface cohesion which
has enough force to
keep the lung (within
the pleural sac) against
the thoracic wall.
Injury to the pleurae,
such as a knife wound,
may cause the lung to
collapse and air to enter
this space |
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Term
| 4 parts of the parietal pleura |
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Definition
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Term
As if this wasn’t enough, the pleural cavity also has recesses.
The lung does not completely fill the pleural space. Upon
inhalation, it does to some degree. There are two such recesses |
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Definition
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Term
| how is the pleurae innervated? |
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Definition
Parietal pleurae is sensitive to pain via GSA fibers that are within
the intercostal nerves and phrenic nerves.
The pain is then felt within the dermatome served by that
particular intercostal nerve or nerve segments. In the case of the
phrenic nerve, it is C3, 4, 5. Where are those dermatomes?
Visceral pleura is innervated by GVA fibers |
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Term
| right lung has 3 lobes and a more vertical medial border |
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Definition
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Term
| the left lung has 2 lobes, a cardiac notch, and a cardiac notch |
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Definition
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Term
| both lungs have a mediastinal surface, a costal surface, and a diaphragmatic suface |
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Definition
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Term
| mediastinal surface: hilum and root |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mediastinal surface IMPRESSIONS - MUST KNOW |
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Definition
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Term
| right or left main bronchus. which is bigger? |
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Definition
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Term
| each lung has 10 bronchopulmonary segments. important because these are what a surgeon can remove and still hav ea functioning lung. |
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Definition
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Term
| bronchial arteries and veins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the innervation of the lungs? |
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Definition
Innervation is derived from pulmonary plexuses located anterior
and posterior to the lungs.
Their fiber contents are:
GVE parasympathetics from Vagusnerve (CN X)
Postsynaptic parasympathetic cell bodies reside in the pulmonary
plexuses. They supply motor to the smooth muscle of the bronchial
tree (bronchoconstrictor) and inhibitory to pulmonary vessels
(vasodilator). They are motor to glands (secretomotor).
GVE sympathetics from the sympathetic trunks
Postsynaptic sympathetic cell bodies reside within the paravertebral
ganglia. They are inhibitory to bronchial musculature
(bronchodilator) and motor to pulmonary vessels (vasoconstrictors).
They are inhibitory to glands
GVA from the lung (Vagus nerve) |
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Term
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Definition
A diverticulum(bud) off of the embryonic gut divides into
right and left lung buds, which will form the right and left lungs. The
left bud bifurcates to form the two lobes of the left lung. The right bud
divides to form three lobes |
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Term
| embryology of the lungs and pleurae |
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Definition
Lateral pleuropericardialfolds
from the lateral body wall
divide the primitive pericardial
cavity into two pleural cavities
and one pericardial cavity |
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