Term
| function of the thoracic cage |
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Definition
| protect heart, lungs, attach muscles of thorax upper limbs abdomen and back |
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Term
| what is the only bony attachment to the sternum |
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Definition
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Term
| name the puelral membranes and spaces in the thoracic cavity and their location |
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Definition
visceral pleura- around lungs
pleural cavity- between the two
parietal pleura- against back of thoracic cage
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Term
| what are pleural membranes made of |
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Definition
simple squamous epithelium
watery |
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Term
| what are the boundries of the thorasic wall |
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Definition
posterior: thorasic vertebre
anterior: sternum
lateral: ribs and intercostal spaces |
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Term
| posterior intercostal artery locations and branch it back to a major artery from each location |
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Definition
intercostal spaces 1-2: posterior intercostal artery > superior intercostal artery > subclavian artery costocervical trunk
intercostal spaces 2-10: posterior intercostal artery > descenting aorta |
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Term
| anterior intercostal artery locations and branch each location back to a major artery |
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Definition
intercostal space 1-6: anterior intercostal artery > internal thorasic artery > subclavian artery
intercostal spaces 6-10: anterior intercostal artery > musculophernic artery > internal thoracic artery |
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Term
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Definition
aka sternal angle
aka angle of lewis
between T4 and T5 |
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Term
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Definition
upper part of the sternum
articulates with the clavicle, 1st and 2nd costal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
opposite the body of T9
articulation between sternum and xyphoid process |
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Term
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Definition
connected to sternum by xiphisternal joint
cartilage that becomes ossified at the proximal end with age |
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Term
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Definition
ribs 1-7
attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
ribs 8-9 and sometimes 10
cartilage is connected to the cartilage of the rib above it
indirect sternum attachment |
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Term
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Definition
ribs sometimes 10 and 11-12
no sternum attachment
end at posterior abdominal musculature |
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Term
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Definition
| sharp boarder on a rib bottom that holds the vessels and nerves |
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Term
| the articular facet in the tubericle area of the rib articulates with what process on the vertebre |
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Definition
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Term
| the head of the rib articulates with what process on the vertebre |
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Definition
| the inferior costal facet of the top rib and the sperior costal facet on the bottom rib both located on the body |
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Term
| defining features of the first rib |
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Definition
| no angle, broad, flat, short, most curved, only 1 facet for T1, two grooves for subclavian vein and artery (nearest the head), scalene tubercle and ridge for anterior scalene muscle attachment |
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Term
| defining features of the second rib |
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Definition
has two facets for T1 and T2
has the tuberosity for the serratus anterior origin that is rough |
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Term
| defining features of ribs 10-12 |
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Definition
rib 10 only has one articulation other wise its normal
ribs 11 and 2 are short and have no neck or tubercle, end in muslce |
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Term
| superior articulating process |
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Definition
| facet on transverse process of a rib to articulate with rib tubericle |
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Term
| superior thorasic aperture definition, boundries, and structures that pass through |
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Definition
the hole in the top of the thorasic cage
posterior boundry: T1
lateral: 1 par of ribs and cartilage
anterior: superior border of manubrium
trachea, esophagus, nerves, vessels for limbs, head and neck |
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Term
| inferior thoracic aperature definition, boundries, stuff that passes through |
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Definition
hole in bottom of the thorasic cage
posterior: T12
posteriolateral: 11th and 12th ribs
anterolateral: joined cartilage of ribs 7-10
anterior: xyphisternal joint
esophagus, large vessels, nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| anywhere a rib touches a vertebre |
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Term
| movements of the thoracic wall |
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Definition
contraction of diaphgram > elevation of upper ribs > incrases thoracic cage dimensions > air goes in
diaphgram relaxation > decompression of abdominal organs > diaphragm pushed up > reduces dimensions > air goes out |
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Term
| posterior intercostal vein |
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Definition
| drains into ayzgos or hemizygos veins backwards |
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Term
| anterior intercostal vein |
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Definition
| drains forward into the internal thoracic and musculophernic veins |
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Term
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Definition
modified sewat glands
men have smaller and fewer
glandular and fibrous connective tissue embedded in fat, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
lobes seperated by the suspensory ligament
15-20 lobes radiating from the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
| subcutaneous tissue that overlies pectoralis major |
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Term
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Definition
| breast tissue that extends into the axillary region piercing into deep fascia at the lower pectoralis major |
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Term
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Definition
| widened area just before termination of a duct in the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
aka of cooper
seperates lobes of glands in the breast |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| loose connective tissue behind breast |
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Term
| arterial / venous supply to the breast |
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Definition
| internal thoracic artery / vein, intercostal artery / vein, axillary artery / vein |
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Term
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Definition
| spread of (metastasis) of milignant cells in lumph vessels and nodes |
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Term
| drainage of lymph for the lateral quadrent of the breast |
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Definition
| drain into anterior axillary or pectoral group of nodes just posterior to the lower border of the pectoralis major |
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Term
| drainage of lymph for the medial quadrent of the brease |
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Definition
| drain in vessels that pierce the intercostal space and enter the thorasic nodes |
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Term
| list all ways lymph can drain from the breast |
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Definition
medially
laterally
follow posterior intercostals and drain into intercostal nodes
some communicate with vessels of opposite breast
some communicate with vessels of anterior abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
deepest layer
corresponds with transversus abdominis of abdominal wall
incomplete muscle layer, croses more than one intercostal space
can be divided into the subcostal muscle and transversus thoracis
lined by endothoracic fascia which is lined by parietal pleura
intecostal vessels and nerves run between these and the internal intercostals
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Term
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Definition
most superficial
fibers directed down and forward from the inferior border of the rib above to the superior border of the rib below
extends forward to the costal cartilage where it is replaced by the external intercostal membrane |
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Term
| external intercostal membrane |
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Definition
| an aponeurosis, flat sheet like tendon, near the costal cartilage that replaces the external intercostals |
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Term
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Definition
intermediate layer
fibers directed downward and backwards from the subcostal groove of the rib above to the upper border of the rib below
it extends backwards from the sternum in front to the angles of the ribs behind where the muscle is replaced by the internal intercostal membrane |
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Term
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Definition
an inntermost intercostal
at the interior surface of the lower ribs and their angles |
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Term
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Definition
an internal intercostal
posteror to the sternum |
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Term
| action of the intercostals |
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Definition
pull ribs together
if first rib is fixed by neck contractions like by scaleni muscles: intercostals raise ribs 2-12 up towards 1
if the 12th rib is fixed by the quadratus lumborum: ribs 1-11 are pulled down to the 12th (like expiration) |
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